Economic Policy Essay -- essays research papers fc

Economic Policy     The new economic policy of the fall in states should include vinegarishtaxes, reducing governmental waste, and balance the budget by having a smallerto a greater extent efficient federal government. It should include equal opportunity forfinancial shelter but not through a government sponsored redistribution ofwealth program.     Cutting taxes across the board including income tax rates, capitalgains and estate taxes among others should provide a addition spurt for theeconomy. Allowing people and businesses to keep more(prenominal) of their hard earned moneywould enable them to spend more money. People would be able to buy more cars,refrigerators, homes etc. The businesses would be able to build new factorieswith better more efficient high tech equipment. These new factories andexpanded businesses would employee more highly paid actioners which would expandthe tax base and allow us to be more competitive in the world merchandiseplace.      Reducing the taxes would also motivate people to work harder and savemore. The way things are now people can not seem to get ahead no matter howhard they work. The harder they work the more the government takes while otherswho choose not to work hard or have not developed the skills to earn a decentwage describe the same and in many cases more benefits. For example student loansand grants for college board and tuition fees are largely unavailable to lowermiddle class families permit alone middle and upper middle class people. Reducingtaxes on businesses would also allow them to invert more on new product increase and research which in many instances the federal government nowsubsidizes which requires management. This government management bureaucracycost tax payers money and is unnecessary because free market demands and theextra money they would save from tax cuts would motivate businesses to fundthese programs themselves. This is just an example of what a smaller moreefficient federal government. "Citizens in the united states today pay 38.2percent of there income in taxes every year" (RNC talk Points). This is wayto much money for Americans to be paying. "Cutting everyones taxes by 15percent and giving them a 500 dollar per child tax credit would cut a typicalfamilies tax bill in half, a... ...Review and scout pogey and Taxes." The Wall Street     Journal 29 July 1996 A12 Sepp, Peter J. "Are Republicans SeriousAbout Cutting     Fat?" New York Times 30 Aug.      1995 A17 "Dole Hopes Tax-Cut Move WillEnergize His Campaign, but     Which taxes to Cut?"      The Wall Street Journal 15     may 1996 A16 "A Vote for a Sensible Center." task Week 18 Nov.     1996 194 "The National Debt. Its Eating Us Alive" Internet  &nbs p  http//www.europa.com/blugene/deficit/debt.html "The Balance Sheet --August 11, 1995." Internet     http//www.rnc.ogr/news/balance/bal-950815.html "RNC Talking PointsCutting Taxes and Balancing the Budget     Bill Clintons Dirty Little      Secret A $64 Billion Tax     Increase" Internet     http//www.rnc.org/news/ lecture/tp-960913.html

Federalism in Canada Essays -- Canadian History, Politics

Since nationalism was introduced as an aspect of Canadian political identity, the country has undergone multiple changes as to how federalism works in other words, over the decades the federal and provincial governments have not always acted in the same way as they do now. Canada, for example, once experienced quasi-federalism, where the provinces are make subordinate to Ottawa. Currently we are in an era of what has been coined collaborative federalism. Essentially, as the title would suggest, it implies that the federal and provincial levels of government work together more about to enact and make insurance policy changes. Unfortunately, this era of collaborative federalism may be ending sooner rather than later in the past couple decades, the federal and provincial governments have been receiptn to squabble over any and all policy changes in sectors such as health, the environment and fiscal issues. Generally, one would light upon that in a regime employing collaborative fe deralism there would be a certain amount of collaboration. Lately, it seems as though the only time policy changes skunk take place the federal government is needed to work unilaterally. One area in which collaborative federalism has been nonexistent and unilateral federalism has prevailed and positively affected policy changes is in the Post-Secondary Education (PSE) sector. As Bakvis writes, the transformation of Canadas university system came about largely through the effort of the federal government alone, (Bakvis 205). There are a few key abnormalities to this statement, one being pertinent to the CA 1867. When one looks at the constitution, under sections 91 and 92, anyone remotely well-versed in Canadian politics would know that those two sections outline w... ...210). To conclude, in the present Canadians are seeing change in PSE funding policies begin to come from the provinces. Due to the fact that when Ottawa went against the food grain and launched the Millennium Scho larship programs, provincial feathers, especially Quebecs, were immediately ruffled, provinces such as Quebec and British Columbia, among others, were motivated to set up their own research funding agencies with the persuasion to maximize the likelihood of obtaining funds from Ottawa, (Bakvis 216). As for the legitimacy of cooperative federalism in Canada today, it seems as though executive federalism itself is turning largely paternalistic at least in the sense of PSE. More often than not, in PSE funding, the federal government has taken the initiative while one set of executives those from provincial governments was largely absent, (Bakvis 218).

Hypnosis and Weight Loss Essay -- Hypnotize Internet Health Papers

Hypnosis and Weight LossHypnosis has many practical uses, and these days it is becoming increasingly popular as a method of behavior modification. The net income contains many advertisements for self-help programs that use hypnosis to reduce stress, quit smoking, or lose weight. In the area of hypnosis and weight loss, there are many web sites for both products and serve for sale that promise to help anyone lose weight. Hypnosis uses suggestions to change a persons behavior and eating habits in order to facilitate weight loss. What are the expected outcomes? at that place are many different outcomes expected from this type of hypnotic treatment. Most vendors of hypnosis specify that its purpose is not only lose weight but to too maintain that ideal weight. Some companies also promise that hypnosis will stop cravings for unhealthy foods, such as foods high in salt or enlarge and also fried foods. http//www.clauser.com/announce3.html Through hypnotic suggestion, the person will l earn how to eat healthy and may also become physically fit. Basically, the person becomes subconsciously motivated to eat better food and to become physically active. http//www.biocentrix.com/hypnosis/wghtplan.htm How Does Hypnosis work? There are many different forms of hypnosis used to control weight. A precise popular method is the use of hypnotizing tapes. DreamLab, a web site selling these tapes, describes the procedure, and advises customers to start the tape when they go to bed. They claim that the tape contains both music and instructions that lull you into the right mood. http//www. daydream-lab.com/noweight.html While a person is in this mood, they are open to changes in their attitudes about eating habits and exercise through the suggestion of dream i... ...thard-Morris. Effectiveness of Hypnosis as an Adjunct to Behavioral Weight Management. Journal of Clinical Psychology 41.1 (1985) 35-41. Buckingham, Carol W. Hypnotherapy and the Behavioral Aspects of Obesity. Occupational Health Nursing April 1980 20-22. Cochrane, G. Hypnosis and Weight step-down Which is the Cart and Which is the Horse? American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 35.2 (1992) 109-118. Eldredge, K.L., et al. The Effects of Extending Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Binge Eating Disorder Among Initial Treatment Nonresponders. International Journal of Eating Disorders 21.4 (1997) 347-352. Vanderlinden, J. and W. Vandereycken. The (Limited) Possibilities of Hypnotherapy in the Treatment of Obesity. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 36.4 (1994) 248-257.

Collaborative Leanrning And Architecture Education :: Learning Education Essays

Collaborative Leanrning And computer architecture Education IntroductionTwo major questions that education faces straightaway are how adequate it is to use group dynamics in class to permit students win specific goals and if the efficiency of this technique is acceptable for all the branches of knowledge. Architecture, because of its around important qualities (professional work in teams, practical skills and creativity) appears to be an area in which it is likely that the teamwork technique can demonstrate its most important strengths. Thomas Kuhn (1996) draw knowledge as intrinsically the common property of a group or else nonentity at all, explaining that the discoveries of sciences or the products of arts to be recognized as it shall be shared between the members of a certain community. What Bruffee (1995) called the social construction of knowledge, has suffer the base to encourage the use of group work techniques in different levels of education. However there are stil l many critics to this method, basically referring to the difficulties to manage the classroom and its adequacy to different areas of study. The debate over teamwork in colleges and universities hasnt delivered a clear answer yet. This research paper will first explain the virtues and helplessness of the Collaborative Learning method in order to work up finally its practical application to Architecture Education. The Strengths of the MethodBackgroundSince the early 70s, educators characterized the handed-down approach to Education (Ventimiglia, 1994) as being professor come to, considering that the educative process depended exclusively on the knowledge capacities of the teacher, who decided what kind and what amount of info should be deposited into students minds. This was strongly criticized by Freire (cited by Ventimiglia, 1994), for being supine and not stimulating critical thinking. From then educators have researched natural methods capable of improving donnish resu lts and preparing students to transform their societies creatively. This is how what Foyle (1995) called Collaborative learning, appeared as a possible answer to educational dilemmas. DEFINITIONCollaborative learning, as well as cooperative and progressive learning are terms used to describe new procedures in education, intended to help students learn by working together (Bruffee, 1995). According to Ventimiglia (1994) collaborative learning is the process in which a community organise by students and teacher establishes common goals and participates as partners in the building of knowledge, following specific step and accepting precise responsibilities. Group work is therefore star of the various tools involved in the execution of the method, however they should not be considered as synonyms.Collaborative Leanrning And Architecture Education Learning Education EssaysCollaborative Leanrning And Architecture Education IntroductionTwo major questions that education faces nowad ays are how adequate it is to use group dynamics in class to permit students achieve specific goals and if the efficiency of this technique is acceptable for all the branches of knowledge. Architecture, because of its most important qualities (professional work in teams, practical skills and creativity) appears to be an area in which it is likely that the teamwork technique can demonstrate its most important strengths. Thomas Kuhn (1996) described knowledge as intrinsically the common property of a group or else nothing at all, explaining that the discoveries of sciences or the products of arts to be recognized as it shall be shared between the members of a certain community. What Bruffee (1995) called the social construction of knowledge, has become the base to encourage the use of group work techniques in different levels of education. However there are still many critics to this method, basically referring to the difficulties to manage the classroom and its adequacy to different areas of study. The debate over teamwork in colleges and universities hasnt delivered a clear answer yet. This research paper will first explain the virtues and weakness of the Collaborative Learning method in order to establish finally its possible application to Architecture Education. The Strengths of the MethodBackgroundSince the early 70s, educators characterized the traditional approach to Education (Ventimiglia, 1994) as being professor centered, considering that the educative process depended exclusively on the knowledge capacities of the teacher, who decided what kind and what amount of information should be deposited into students minds. This was strongly criticized by Freire (cited by Ventimiglia, 1994), for being passive and not stimulating critical thinking. From then educators have researched new methods capable of improving academic results and preparing students to transform their societies creatively. This is how what Foyle (1995) called Collaborative learning, ap peared as a possible answer to educational dilemmas. DEFINITIONCollaborative learning, as well as cooperative and active learning are terms used to describe new procedures in education, intended to help students learn by working together (Bruffee, 1995). According to Ventimiglia (1994) collaborative learning is the process in which a community formed by students and teacher establishes common goals and participates as partners in the building of knowledge, following specific steps and accepting precise responsibilities. Group work is therefore one of the various tools involved in the execution of the method, however they should not be considered as synonyms.

Prince Siddhartha Gautama - Buddha :: Chinese China History

BuddhaThis report bequeath be ab pop out the life of Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, and his influences on the people around him. It will explain how the religion of Buddhism came about and how the Buddha created it. It will also include not only what influenced Buddha to start preaching, but what influenced the people to listen. Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who would later be known as Buddha, was born in Lumbini, Nepal around the division 563 BC. He was the son of two important great people. Siddharthas fathers name was Shuddhodana, the King of the Sakyas. His mother, Queen Maya, was a lady of perfect form and bee-black tresses, fearless in feel and full of grace and virtue. Siddhartha got his name from single of his mothers dreams. Her dream was that an elephant with 6 tusks, carrying a lotus flower in its trunk, touched the right side of Queen Mayas body. That was when Siddhartha was miraculously conceived. When she told her husband about her dream, he called Brahmins, or learned me n to interpret it. They predicted that the child one-day would be the superior king in the world or the greatest ascetic in the world. So thats why they called him Siddhartha, meaning he whose aim is accomplished. When Siddhartha was about 20 years old he married Yasodhara, who was the daughter of one of the Kings ministers. Siddhartha and his new wife had a child a year after they got married. They called their son Rahula, which means impediment.Nine years later Siddhartha asked his charioteer to take him for a mobilise throughout the city. While riding he saw three things he had never seen before. One was an elder man, another was a man suffering from illness, and in conclusion he saw a dead body surrounded by mourners. Since he had never seen anything like that before he asked his charioteer, Channa, what was wrong. He responded and told the Prince that these things were natural and unavoidable, that come out to all kinds of people. Everything is transient nothing in permanen t in this world....Knowing that, I can find delight in nothing...How can a man, who knows that death is sooner inevitable, still feel greed in his heart, enjoy the world of senses and not weep in this great danger? Once again Siddhartha asked Channa to take him out into the city again and this time he was to see the last of four images that would change his life forever.

Prince Siddhartha Gautama - Buddha :: Chinese China History

BuddhaThis report will be about the life of Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, and his influences on the people around him. It will explain how the religion of Buddhism came about and how the Buddha created it. It will withal include not only what influenced Buddha to start preaching, but what influenced the people to listen. Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who would later be known as Buddha, was born in Lumbini, Nepal around the year 563 BC. He was the son of two important great people. Siddharthas fathers name was Shuddhodana, the King of the Sakyas. His mother, Queen Maya, was a lady of perfect form and bee-black tresses, fearless in heart and skillful of grace and virtue. Siddhartha got his name from one of his mothers dreams. Her dream was that an elephant with 6 tusks, carrying a lotus flower in its trunk, touched the right side of Queen Mayas body. That was when Siddhartha was miraculously conceived. When she told her keep up about her dream, he c every last(predicate)ed Brahmins, or l earned men to interpret it. They predicted that the child one-day would be the greatest king in the world or the greatest austere in the world. So thats why they called him Siddhartha, meaning he whose aim is accomplished. When Siddhartha was about 20 years old he married Yasodhara, who was the daughter of one of the Kings ministers. Siddhartha and his peeled wife had a child a year after they got married. They called their son Rahula, which means impediment.Nine years later Siddhartha asked his charioteer to take him for a ride passim the metropolis. While riding he saw three things he had never seen before. One was an elder man, another was a man suffering from illness, and finally he saw a dead body surrounded by mourners. Since he had never seen anything like that before he asked his charioteer, Channa, what was wrong. He responded and told the Prince that these things were natural and unavoidable, that happen to all kinds of people. Everything is transient nothing in permane nt in this world....Knowing that, I can find delight in nothing...How can a man, who knows that death is quite inevitable, inactive feel greed in his heart, enjoy the world of senses and not weep in this great danger? Once again Siddhartha asked Channa to take him out into the city again and this time he was to see the last of four images that would change his life forever.

Poems from the ‘Book of matches’

I have decided to use two poems from the playscript of matches, Those bastards in their mansions, Ive made forth a will and the poem Kid to compare and contrast. Simon Armitage wrote Book of matches in 1993. It is a selection of poems without titles. Each poem is meant to be read in the time that it takes for a match to burn down. There is a pun in the title, a packet from which we tear out the matches a book, just this is to a fault a book in the normal sense, with words for us to read.Both of these poems are fourteen attracts long, but they are non strictly a sonnet in form. Ive made out a will has irregular poetrys, both full and half rhymes. It is split so that there is a first block of 8 lines, then a second block of six lines, which is split into a four and a two. The final section is split so that it repeals in a couplet like a Shakespearean sonnet. Some may argue that this poem is not a sonnet because it does not follow a conventional sonnet form, such as a Shakespea rean sonnet or a Petrarchan sonnet.Those bastards in their mansions has some weird features to its structure. Ten of the first eleven lines end in an unstressed syllable, and there are some rhymes such as ditches/britches, porches and torches, and there is the straggle-rhyme in shackles/ankles. At the end of the poem, there is short lines and true rhyme on one syllable, sun and gun. This may suggest the power of the shadowy outlaw, who eludes his wealthy foes.Like Those bastards in their mansions, in the poem Kid, every line ends with an unstressed syllable. Every line ends with the -er sound. The poem starts off with heavy syllables to emphasise that Robin, the persona of the poem is annoyed. The heavy syllables are almost like Robin is shouting, and they lay out that he is in a mood. It is almost comical how the poet manages to end every line with -er. As the poem progresses, the reader wonders how the poet is able to continue with this pattern. The poem is ideally suited to be read aloud, as the ending lines accumulate, the listeners wonder how the reader will keep up.Ive made out a will is about an organ presenter with a reservation. The speaker in the poem explains how he has decided to donate his body to the National Health Service. He says how he is going to donate everything apart from his heart. Not only is he going to donate his organs, but he has to a fault made out a will so that his wishes are taken out after he has died. He lists all of the part that he is sure they house use, but some things would only be useful for research, such as veins and nerves.In Those bastards in their mansions, the persona of the poem has a grudge against people. He mentions words such as mansions, palaces and castles. Here this is probably a large exaggeration, but it could be taken literally as the poem could be set in the past, there is mention of burning torches and cuffs and shackles.Like in Those bastards in their mansions, in Kid, Robin has a grudge against Batman. Simon Armitage imagines that Robin has separated from Batman and that he has succeeded and that Batman has turned into a failure. It says how Batman has nothing in the walk-in larder. This is the opposite to Those bastards in their mansions because in that poem the persona has nothing compared to the people he has a grudge against and is jealous.At the end of the first eight-line section, the speaker concludes his list with the one exception, but not the heart, they can leave that alone. And at the end of the poem, he repeats this, but not the pendulum, the ticker/leave that where it stops or hangs he does not say why he does not want his heart to be used again, maybe it is because it is the part of him that keeps him alive, and he does not think that it would be right if someone else used this part. To the interior(a) health, the heart is the most valuable organ, so we do not know why the reader wants so a lot to hold onto his heart, he emphasises how much he wants his h eart by the amount of times that he says that he does not want it to be used.This poem has a vivid series of metaphors, which are in lists. The metaphors portray different things. Some of the images have medical overtones, tubes, stitches and wounds. These are quite graphic words and show us that the reader predicts dying maybe in an accident, and that he could receive surgery. There are words to do with workshops such as glues and chassis. Others respond to food or cookery such as jellies, syrups, loaf and galof bilberry soup. There are a lot of different images only for one thing. The skeleton is known as the chassis, cage, and cathedral of bone. Throughout the second part of the poem, there is an extended metaphor. This is one of a clock. Here there is loops and coils and crockets and springs and rods, the twines and cords and strands, the face, the case, the cogs and the hands, the face and the hands are already words for parts of the human body, but other parts of this phrase c an be worked in to go along with other parts of the human body. In the last two lines he says how he does not want his heart to be touches, he compares this with the pendulum, the ticker. These are the parts of the clock that makes everything work, just like the human heart. In this passage, Simon Armitage uses lots of metaphors. This is to emphasise points. For example, he uses not only pendulum, but also ticker to talk about the heart.Throughout this poem the poet describes the human body merely as lots of parts, he shows no emotion towards anything apart from the heart. This could be because the speaker sees the heart as being the most important part of a mechanism, like a pendulum in a clock. It also maybe that he values the heart as a symbol of all things that make life worth living, a heart is the symbol of love, affection, energy, desire, and much more. Or, perhaps he feels that he is inside his heart, and it is like a soul, and if he gives up his heart then he is giving up his immortality.

Importance of Wearing Your Seatbelt

The reason why wearying a seatbelt is important is because seatbelts atomic number 18 designed to protect, it is the law and statistics prove that have on a seatbelt is safer than not wearing one at all, and wearing a seatbelt go out save a person money on medical bills and link up costs due to an accident. Seatbelts are designed to protect drivers and all passengers. A three-point harnessed seatbelt will protect vital internal organs and bones. While correctly wearing a seatbelt a person is protecting their ribs, spine, neck and skull.Along with those bones, a person is protecting organs such as their heart and brain. A seatbelt will besides protect a person from whiplash. Injuries due to a person not wearing a seatbelt include abdominal injuries (if worn too high), come up abrasions and injuries to the carotid artery, throat and cervical spine. Injuries to the chest, shoulders and ribs are at high risk if not properly wearing a seatbelt. Seatbelts are important when it come s to the law. Although laws on seatbelts straggle from state to state, the state of Washington stated that all occupants of a driving vehicle must be properly restrained.The driver is also responsible for devising sure any passenger under the age of 16 are properly restrained in all seating positions. Failing to do so will lead to a $124. 00 safety violation fine, no matter what age or where the person is located in the vehicle. Half of the United States photograph a $25. 00 violation fee as of May 2010. Statistics prove that wearing a seatbelt is safer than not wearing one at all. According to the National highway Traffic Safety Administration, occupants of a vehicle shit a 50% increase of fatal injuries if no seatbelt is worn.Due to car accidents, on average there are 40,000 deaths distributively year. Of the deaths in children due to not wearing a seatbelt 80% of them could have been avoided by properly restraining the child with a seatbelt. Out of the thousands of people ki lled each year because of car accidents, 63% of them were not wearing a seatbelt. This with no doubt proves that failure to wear a seatbelt leads to more deaths than any other virtuoso safety violation. In 2006, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration eported that 15,383 people were saved from fatal injuries becuase of wearing a seatbelt. They also reported in 2008 that 13,250 people with ages ranging from 5 and older were saved by properly wearing a seatbelt. In ages 4 and younger, there were 244 saved lives. They believe that with compliance to seatbelt laws 4,152 lives could have been saved in the same year. The Center of Disease Control and Prevention stated that not only does wearing a seatbelt protect yourself, but also passengers and children.By wearing a seatbelt passengers and children are encouraged to wear seatbelts and are more likely to wear a seatbelt. Medical bills due to an accident from not wearing a seatbelt are increased by 50%. Wearing a seatbelt coul d have saved more than $585 billion in medical care and connect costs since 1975, which was stated by the Highway Traffic Safety Administration. That is why it is important to wear a seatbelt while operating a vehicle. Spc. Cooper, Cody B

Positive relationships with children Essay

Develop positive human relationships with peasantren, young state and others involved in their care. 1.1 Explain why positive relationships with children and young throng are important and how these are built and maintained. It is essential to build positive relationships with children and young people, as the reference of our relationships with children and young people will make a substantial difference to their behaviour, achievement and over alone wellbeing. There are various different ways to march on children to have positive relationships with practitioners and other professionals as well as other children. Positive relationships are built on trust, for young people trust mode knowing someone believes in you and they feel they chamberpot confide in you in many different situations. 1.3 Evaluate have got effectiveness in expression relationships with children and young people. I would consider my ego to be effective at building relationships with children and young pe ople. I do this by* be a positive division model* Being consistent* Showing genuine interest* Valuing each individual efforts* By acknowledging and talking about feelings* Striving to build positive self esteem* Provide a safe place when things get too much* Having a positive attitude* Providing a positive atmosphere* Being approachable at all times* communicating effectively* sharing information but maintaining confidentiality with other stave* having positive eye contact* acknowledging ostracize and positive emotions* sharing positive strategies that have helped with other practitoners* acknowledging positive behaviour* maintaining confidentiality* matching resources /lesson to meet each childs needs* providing a friendly, secure environment* respecting all individual needsTo maintain a positive relationship with children and young people, you have to show young people you are approachable. Communication skills are wherefore influential. Showing children and young people posit ive behaviour is also vital as positive behaviour encourages young people to have positive attitudes, which take on manners and respect. This means that practitioners must be consistent in their moods and behaviour so reactions are predicable. Showing children you are a good listener and you derive in all situations helps with their confidence, giving them praise and encouragement encourages children to be positive.Valuing each Childs achievement helps them to feel they can experiment, fail and not be criticised. This helps with children and young peoples self esteem. Children and young people who feel valued are more likely to have higher self esteem and it is clear from inquiry Weinberg (1978), that children who have high self esteem are more likely to fulfil their potential. Children and young people who have good relationships may find they can talk more openly. Further more children who feel someone believes in them are more likely to try harder.2.1 Explain why positive rela tionships with people involved in the care of children and young people are important. It is crucial as the practitioner to build and maintain a strong positive relationship with childrens parents/carers. As good relationships also benefit the quality of interaction between the setting and parents/carers. Where relationships are strong parents/carers are more likely to donation information, make comments and take interest in what their Childs progressing at and support what areas of improvement maybe needed. This benefits children and young people enormously and helps practitioners to meet their Childs needs. Young people boldness at their parents reactions in order to decide whether or not to be apprehensive. Positive interaction (smiles, laughter) helps children settle in and feel relaxed.For staff and helpers positive relationships in settings mean that they can enjoy their work. Good relationships between staff are extremely important as during times of stress or difficulties other practitioners can share and support one another. Children and young people become aware of the atmosphere and relationships between working staff and model their own behaviour on the way in which you treat each other. Always respect others options. Everybody benefits from having positive relationships with others. Good positive relationships with parents/carers , colleagues and children are enormously important in early years settings as they benefit everybody especially children and young people .This is because positive relationships create a welcoming, confidential and secure atmosphere. Which helps with all round child development.

Mesopotamia vs Egypt

Mesopotamia vs. Egypt A civilization is a society in advanced state of social development. Mesopotamia and Egypt are roughly of the oldest civilizations on history. One of the most important steps taken for a civilization to occur was the agricultural revolution. This was when man stopped being nomadic and begun to precipitate down permanently or for long periods of time in one specific area and began living off the lands and raising animals, this as we know is cognize as the agricultural revolution. Other steps that helped towards the occurrence of civilizations were suitable geographical locations.They needed a reliable water and food source and sometimes earnest areas for defense or they built their own. The geographical location of both Mesopotamia and Egypt were very important to its success. Both Egypt and Mesopotamia were both located around a river. Not just that both their plenteous land was caused because of the rivers, but the difference is that Mesopotamia was locat ed in an area of land between two rivers which caused the land between the rivers to become fertile where as Egypt was located around a river and because of its seasonal flooding fertile soil was dumped onto the backs of the river perfect for planting crops.The big difference between Mesopotamia and Egypt was that Egypt had excellent native defense because of its sea to the north, deserts to the east and west, and rapid and mountains to the south. Whereas Mesopotamia had flat land all around the resulting in no natural defense what so ever. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had similar religions. Both societies believe in many an(prenominal) gods for example the sun god, river god, fire god and so on. So both civilizations were polytheistic. In the case of Egypt, in that location were supreme gods such as the sun god Ra, Amon, and Osiris.Each male god had a female goddess consort. Osiris, the god of the dead and of fertility, was married to Isis, the goddess of magic and love. They had a son, named Horus. The Mesopotamian cultures had religions that had many gods and goddesses as well. Male and female divinities, gods and goddesses of war. Ishtar is a major divinity in Mesopotamian religions. Another similarity between the major culture areas religions is that their gods and goddesses often charter a human form, and an animal form.When talking about warfare and the wheel the cities of Mesopotamia were walled, to protect themselves from conquest from their neighbors. Warfare certain and became more sophisticated in Mesopotamia. The wheel was developed in Mesopotamia, but the Egyptians never invented it The Hyksos, who invaded Egypt about 1750 BC, introduced both the wheel and the horse, in the form of the chariot. Egypt developed rather late in terms of the art of war. I conclude that Mesopotamia both have similarities and differences but ultimately affect the way we live today.Thanks to the ideas and trial and error of the ancient civilizations we can live the l ife we have today. For example, Mesopotamia invented the wheel. Thanks to them we have things such as bikes, cars, trains, airplanes, wheel-barrels and much more. Also, the Hebrew religion was created tens of thousands of years ago and affects many religions today such as Christianity. So I conclude that both Egypt and Mesopotamia played a major role in the development of society and civilization today.

Changes to the United States from 1770-1870 Essay

The United States changed so many things from 1770 to 1870. The commonwealth increased drastically, from 2,148,100 in 1770 to 38,558,371 in 1870. The increase in population is caused by immigration of people to the US and slavery was another cause. Slavery and population had a big chance upon on the next 100 years of the United States history. The US also changed diversely with saucy innovations like roads, water slipway, railroads, steam boats, and refrigerated railroad cars.A a couple of(prenominal) new innovations that changed or improved from 1776 to 1870 are the roadways, waterways, railroads, steam boats, and refrigerated railroad cars. Roadways were an innovation that created a way for easier, and faster transportation. Waterways were also a way for transportation, to complete out a lot of land, and cut out time. Waterways are a faster way for backup and barter. Steam boats were what pioneers used to travel down the waterways to trade and sell goods. Railroads were still used for closer travel, with items that did not need to get there as fast as possible, because railroad cars do not happen upon very fast, although the steam engine improved the speed of transportation also.The United States did make rather large changes over 100 years, from 1776 to 1870. It all started with the signing of the solvent of Independence, which lead to us fighting for our freedom. During this period of time the constitution was ratified, the Revolutionary war ends, and the Louisiana Purchase takes place. Factories advanced and cities were industrializing, and many different machines were invented that changed the way the industrial world worked. Women played an important role in the changes that were made in the US during this century. Women were not just the stay at home and clean women anymore, they were clamorously to join the workforce and take on roles that before, only the men were aloud to have. The constitution was ratified during this time also.The United S tates changed in so many ways over a century. People grew in knowledge and ability to create these machines that changed the workforce.Factories were improved and the cities industrialized and caused many people to migrate to the US causing the population to increase drastically. Slavery had always been a big issue in the US, and it was decreased immensely, although the blacks were still segregated. The machines that were built innovated the way the people thought and created a new ball park for new innovators to create new things to keep the world moving forward.

How Is Science Combating Food Shortages in Africa Essay

Africa has been fighting a constant battle against starvation for decades. What with an uncontrollably growing people and harsh dry climate, its no investigate that not only Africa, but the valet de chambre could be in for a big crisis the lack of food. With over 7 billion people in this world to feed, one billion in Africa, its a wonder that our planet can support this mass population, and the situation is going to get much worse unless(prenominal) in that location is a root word as to how the shortage of food can be fixed. Since the 1970s, scientists exact experimented with Genetic completelyy Modified foods (GM foods). That means that theyve changed the organisms, and the DNA, in order to enhance any(prenominal) aspects of the food or fix any possible faults. So far, GM organisms keep up proved to increase food production, which is a relevant and effective resultant. This solution has indeed raised arguments, creating economical, ethical and societal implications.Genetica lly modified foods could be the solution to save Africa from the endless starvation and malnourishment. It offers something completely new it is a biotechnical solution that is different to any other option considered to aid those suffering from the lack of food in Africa. GM crops grow faster, produce much more, need less time and less labor. It would be a permanent solution. Unlike transferring food crosswise the oceans in order to give aid, GM foods would be able to be produced in the countries that actually will need and use them, instead of relying on other wealthier nations to bring it to them. This would also teach these less certain countries how to manage on their own, and not being supported or aided by the more economically developed countries.Even more positive aspects of this solution are, that these GM crops beat longer shelf-life, meaning that they do not have to be consumed immediately, but they can be stored for longer. Furthermore they dont require as some(pren ominal) a(prenominal) natural resources and materials as normal crops, which is good cause Africa itself doesnt offer that many, which is one of the reasons as to why its in the situation that it is in safe now. This would give an exceptional amount of aid and hope to the people of Africa as it would fix one major issue that has been developing throughout the years, and abet them strike other lines that their nations are facing.However, there are always checkmatesides to these new inventions. Firstly, GM foods havent been in the know for long enough to know if they have any side affects that humans should be concerned of. Many people resist the idea of genetical modification because of this uncertainty. The foods and crops could always trigger allergic reactions, which baron be fatal in nations that offer poor medical aid, or any health impacts for humans and even animals. However, the certainty that these problems exist is only an assumption. For as far we know, there might b e no bad consequences or effects that GMOs might bring. Another issue is how this will work in the nations of Africa.The leaders of the nations might decide that this is an uncertain and doubtful solution, that might only bring harm to their countries. Or some nations might fear change, even if it could economic aid the starvation issues that theyre struggling with. The only thing that the developed nations could do in this case, would be to try and negotiate as to how this solution can help them, not only temporarily but in the long run as well. Also, it will be a very cheap solution, which will be a major attraction to many nation as their economical situations arent that great. Furthermore, the annual cost of individuals having to purchase the genetically modified seeds will be an issue, as the continent is generally very poor.The effect of growing and consuming genetically modified crops is still unknown, however many possible and realistic assumptions have been made. A possibl e dilemma is the harm that these organisms could cause to other organisms in the nature. For an example, the mortality rate of monarch butterfly caterpillars has gone up recently, due to the wheel blowing pollen from genetically modified B.t corn to milkweed plants, that the caterpillars consume. A nature study was held in order to find out whether this was true or not, and the results were in concomitant pointing towards the pollen being the cause of death.There are also countless other victims of genetic engineering, however they cannot be prevented as the toxins that kill the pests are also counterproductive to other insects. Unfortunately, in order to grow healthy crops without a financial loss, the use of these B.t toxins is essential. Another issue that could arise from this is cross-breeding of these herbicide tolerant crops and the weeds themselves, resulting in a superweed that would be immune to these toxins. That could cause in mass destruction of crops and a great fin ancial loss to the farmers, as well as an violent new specie.An issue that could arise within the use of GM crops is the strain on the economies of the nations using them. It would be quite expensive to transport the GM foods across the globe, and it would also take some time. Also, the cost of these seeds can be expected to rise due to the technology used to create them. A more developed country and farm could possibly afford the annual cost of these crops, however a less economically developed country cannot. A solution for this problem could be funding the production and research of GM foods. An example of such a funder is the Rockefeller Foundation, who has founded the research and production of genetically modified rice. GM rice would be a very costly process but with the help of funders and other wealthy companies the cost of expense can be reduced.Since the population of already 7 billion is estimated to almost double in the upcoming 50 years, the worlds biggest dilemma at t he moment is to find a solution as to how to feed all these people and how our natural resources wont be all used up. GM crops is one of the many solutions thought to solve this problem, however, like the rest of them, it comes with many different positive and negative aspects. Furthermore, since it is such a new invention, and not a lot of research has been done yet, the effects and consequences are unknown.If the massive population growth could be stalled for a few decades, say by introducing a one-child-policy, then the development of solutions such as GM crops could be completed meanwhile. This would be a really effective way to provide food aid to the peoples of the world, especially Africa, in order to defeat hunger and starvation, and it would also slow down the growth of the population, maybe even declining it.

Report Writing, Household Waste Management Essay

AcknowledgementsThe team would like to convey its sincere gratitude to the y divulgeh members of Shimultala who participated as interviewers in the survey. Thanks are also extended to the Councilor Mr. A.K. Azad, members of the Local Project Management Committee and the people of Shimultala for their hospitality and support.Executive SummaryBeing one of the thirdly world developing countries, Bangladesh is still in the process of development of a sustainable and effective take in care system throughout the country. Though the outgo of consumption of food, energy and other resources & products in Bangladesh is much less than any developed countries, waste management here is still poor due to neediness of adequate knowledge amongst the people to the highest degree how negatively this wastes can impact on peoples health, environment and aesthetic.The generation of waste here is increasing parallel with the appendage of the countrys economy and infrastructure since waste generation is closely linked to population, urbanization and affluence. Human beings produce a variety of waste, which can be classified into two broad groups organic and inorganic. Organic waste is biodegradable and generally decomposes fairly rapidly, while inorganic waste decomposes much more slowly.In Bangladesh like other developing countries with increasing population, prosperity and urbanization, it remains a major challenge for municipalities to collect, recycle, treat and dispose of increasing quantities of both organic and inorganic wastes.To determine how this report could assist in the management of waste, the team decided to carry out a survey in the Shimultola area to figure out what types of waste are being produced and how they are handled. A survey questionnaire was formulated for this purpose and a survey was carried out by the members of the team along with a small group of young people of Shimultola.The survey was carried out on a sample size of 159 household in the area o ut of which completely 143 participated in the survey. Some heads of households were reluctant to take part in the survey for the following reasons disagreement with the involvement of the youth as survey interviewers, refusal to disclose study about how they handle their waste, and the belief that waste management with the project is unnecessary because the people alreadyknow what to do but are simply unorganized and irresponsible.Based on the evaluation of available data, the report recommends establishing a suitable location for every little area, which will serve as the communal garbage dump for non-recyclable inorganic waste. A feasible waste collection and disposal system should be established immediately. Waste separation should be encouraged and each waste type should be disposed of in an appropriate manner. The sale of recyclable material should be organized. Composting of organic waste should be encouraged. Existing waste management regulations and their enforcement s hould be reviewed and amended. A variety of awareness activities targeting different age, gender and interest groups within the village should be carried out to encourage proper and responsible disposal of waste.The general poor state of cleanliness and the continued use of open areas for dumping wastes are clear indications that the majority of the people are not convinced about the negative health and environmental impacts of improper waste disposal. In addition, although local regulations relating to waste disposal exist, they are simply not being enforced. In suppose to advance the situation, the people must make an effort to dispose of various types of waste in a responsible manner. The existing regulations should be reviewed and amended to improve monitoring and enforcement. A common dumpsite needs to be established, accompanied by a feasible collection and disposal system.

Challenges and Current Trends of Crm in Pc Industry: a Case Study at Dell Asia Pacific

Ch e precise last(predicate)enges and Current Trends of CRM in PC Industry A Case Study at dell Asia Pacific, Bukit Minyak ABSTRACT In the rude(a) millennium, guest help oriented performance has emerged as key victory factors in maintaining the placemental battle. This has light-emitting diode node genialred vigilance (CRM) to take the driver seat place in creating a much loyal and profitable node base at combative cost. CRM has evolved from advances in info engine room and constant pressing necessitate from customers to create economic value in the growths and serve.In menstruation condescension environment, CRM is a strategic task tool that seamlessly integrates completely the functional departments cross courses the organization to fashion towards maximizing customer value done strategic partnership. CRM has played a key role in the PC industry by taking PC manufacturers closer to customers in legal injury of sagaciousness their needs, buy behaviors and value creation in the supply chain. Armed with CRM strategies and, IT enabled customer and gross revenue entropybase, PC manufacturers have reoriented their commercial enterprise around the customer.dell, as one of the world largest PC manufacturers, have strengthen its commercialize sh be by ranking itself to provide customers with superior value, high- feeling, relevant technology, and customized produces and services, coupled with its IT integrated CRM solutions. At dell, e-CRM oriented handicraft solutions argon initiated to automate and centralize customer database to embrace considerable-term partnership and PC merchandise dominance.This project root leave behinding analyze the current CRM trends and future challenges in PC industry based on the look necessitate conducted at dell Asia Pacific, Bukit Minyak. Further much, the musical theme will also speak to the selected dell site, on its strategic effort in utilizing CRM methodologies supported by IT solu tions to stay earlier of competitions. Categories and Subject Descriptors Transaction b siteing and Enterprise Resources mean System Traditional Transaction Processing Application General TermsManagement, Measurement, Documentation, Performance, Economics, Experimentation, Human Factors, Theory Keywords guest descent Management (CRM), PC industry, Information engineering science (IT), Web-based customer interaction (WCI) 1. INTRODUCTION Break by means of and throughs in Information Technology (IT) have changed the fundamental rule of the way bloodline enterprise is being conducted in modern organizations. IT business icons the likes of e-Commerce, K-Economy, etc have made things more complicated, where focus of the business has evolved and oriented around customer.Basi tendery, customers atomic number 18 in the localization to continuously demand and dictate what exactly they want at competitive cost value-added ingatherings and services. Organizations are competing am ong from each one other(a) to be the market leader, and emerging forward-looking IT solutions are helping organizations to achieve its competitive advantage. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the key areas of business competencies is the ability of organizations to sustain the highest level of customer oriented service performance. The fresh business model is changing the producers mindset from product-centered to customer-centered business.This has led Customer blood Management (CRM) to take the center symbolise position to create a loyal and profitable customer base at competitive cost. 1. What is Customer descent Management (CRM)? CRM is a dodging used by organizations to comprehensively learn ab divulge customers needs and behaviors in indian lodge to establish constructive relationship with them after all it is the core of business success. Basically, CRM is a notion regarding how an organization can salvage their most profitable customers with increased values of int eraction to hence maximize the profits.This is achieved through the understanding of the drivers of current and future customer profitability to appropriately allocate the resources across all areas that affect customer relationships i. e. , communication, customer service, product/ service development, etc. Customer relationship instruction revolves around three key technology areas the internet, the customer call center and a data warehouse of customer- cogitate information. Customer information is set outd through high society call center, the Internet, and other communications channels.It is this customer information, which established a 360-degree picture of the customer that allone throughout the organization can access when working(a) with them. Through the Internet, both company employees and the customers themselves are able to access business transacted data from daily production systems, which are then enhance with customer-centric information much(prenominal) a s sales and service call activity, key customer contacts, and specific products purchased.From these technologies, in that location are also offshoots into emerging technology areas such(prenominal) as wireless technology, for facilitated remote access by customers and company field representatives workforce heed software, for stream flexured back- side operations that are organized around the CRM business model and Web-based customer interaction (WCI). Even though, there are many technological components to CRM, the useful way to view CRM is as a get along business processes that will help bring together pieces of information about customers, sales, and trade efficaciousness and responsiveness, and market trends.Therefore, by integrating people, process and technologies, the relationship with both extraneous and interior(a) customers are maximized. 1. 2CRM Goals and Objectives Through the implementation of CRM, organizations would be able to identify their most profitable cus tomers and supplement those relationships to the point of optimal profit. Furthermore, successful CRM programmes will ensure active participation from all employees in the organization.CRM will utilize all possible ways to identify what exactly customer is looking for, market the organizations strength, and ability to fulfill the customers needs, retained the customers through value added services. The main idea of CRM initiatives is that it helps businesses use technology and human resources to gain insight into the behavior of customer and the value of those customers. These are the fundamentals for customer loyalty program.There are several goals and objectives of CRM in a business framework (Kalakota & Robinson, 2000) Use existing relationships to bring on revenue enhance profitability by identifying, attracting the best customers. Use integrated information for glorious service by using customer information to best serve customers needs. Introduce more repeatable sale s processes and procedures companies must improve consistency in account management and selling. Create impertinently value and instruct loyalty the ability to respond to needs and accommodates requests. Implement a more proactive solution strategy use proactive consumer relations that resolve problems on the first call. 1. 3CRM Architectural Framework In the CRM architecture, a company must first recognize the customer-centric approaches in the business processes. The demand of integrating the customer brio calendar method of birth controls, interaction and servicing processes in an application of CRM architecture is obvious. Thus, it is clear that the CRM is built to be customer-centric and in temperament organizing CRM processes around the customer, rather than respectively to marketing, sales or any other internal function.Figure 1 illustrates the summary of CRM architecture. CRM architecture examined how products are built, how theyre deployed and customized, and integ rated with external applications. A CRM product is selected primarily on its functionality however its architecture should be a significant influence on the decision to buy or vice versa. 4. Integration with Business Application Tools CRM is definitely not a stand-alone program, it must be designed in away that it can be integrated into the companys total business processes as sh sustain in Figure 2.CRM must be able to work effectively with other business processes to value add the total operations. Basically, CRM tools will gather, analyze and store critical information captured at customer touch points. Together with ERP/ data warehouse, CRM database will provide the relevant information for business decision-making processes that relates to sales and marketing strategies, business development of new or existing customer and companys strategic direction. 1. 5Role of e-CRM and Its Strategies -CRM refers to achieving CRM through using Internet technologies, primarily the web and e-m ail allied to database marketing to gear up for the new 24-hour global economy. e-CRM will focus on how to use the web site, databases and e-mails to manage customer relationships by providing online limit and services. In order to achieve and support the organizational effort on e-CRM, companies must focus on some key strategies, as followings Real magazine e-CRM operates in almost instantaneous real time and it can be integrated seamlessly together, without the loss of efficiency. Closed entwine e-CRM operates within a closed loop system, resulting in huge gains in efficiency. Multi-channel e-CRM is based on the architecture and available across all channels, where changes to activities through one channel are automatically and directly updated across all channels. 2. Literature Review CRM is a highly fragmented environment and has come to mean different things to different people (Mckie, 2000). The same understanding of CRM, also have been agreed and shared by Winer (2001) and Goodhue (2002).One view of CRM is the utilization of customer think information or knowledge to deliver relevant products or services to customers (Levine, 2000). Another school of thought, CRM is inclusive of the whole organization including its internal and external environment and key processes of the firms customers (Day, 2000). While such definitions are widesp assume, they tend to offer a narrow insight into the basic characteristics of CRM. As CRM evolves, comprehensive definitions are emerging, with an emphasis on multi dimensional business objectives.Goldenberg (2000) believed that CRM is not merely technology applications for marketing, sales and service, but rather, when success in full implemented, a cross-functional, customer-driven, technology-integrated business process management strategy that maximizes relationships and encompasses the entire organization. According to Light (2001), CRM evolved from business processes such as relationship marketing and the inc reased emphasis on improved customer remembering through the effective management of customer relationships.Relationship marketing emphasizes that customer retention affects companys profitability, in that it is more efficient to maintain an existing relationship with a customer than create a new one (Payne et al. , 1999 Reichheld, 1996). Christopher et al. (1991) also agreed that CRM has its roots in relationship marketing which is aimed at improving long run profitability by shifting from transaction-based marketing, with its emphasis on winning new customers, to customer retention through effective management of customer relationships.Sandoe et al. (2001) argued that advances in database technologies such as data warehousing and data mining, are crucial to the functionality and effectiveness of CRM systems. In later stage, relationship marketing emerged and had led others such as Ne wellhead (2000) to explore strategic methods for maintaining and improving customer loyalty. Furt hermore, Peppard (2000) suggested that technological advances in global networks, convergence and improved interactivity, are key to explaining the product of e-business and CRM.The increasing use of digital technologies by customers, particularly the Internet, is changing what is possible and what is anticipate in terms of customer management (Tamminga and OHalloran, 2000). The appropriate use, for instance, of automation technologies, such as synergetic voice response systems and Web-based frequently asked question pages, could be popular with customers and highly cost effective (Petrissans, 2000).to a fault for customers, CRM offers customization, simplicity, and convenience for completing transactions, regardless of the channel used for interaction (Gulati and Garino, 2000). CRM initiatives have resulted in increased competitiveness for many organizations as witnessed by higher revenues and lower operational cost. Managing customer relationships effectively and efficiently bo osts customer satisfaction and retention rates (Reichheld, 1996a, b Jackson, 1994 Levine, 1993). CRM applications help organizations assess customer loyalty nd profitability on measures such as repeat purchases, money spent, and longevity. In particular, customers benefit from the belief that they are redemptive time and money as well as receiving better information and special treatment (Kassanoff, 2000). patronage the diverging definitions, reality is that CRM is a complex combination of business and technological factors, and thus strategies should be hypothesise strategically and accordingly. 3. PC Industry The introduction of the first PC in the mid 1970s led to an industry that emerged as one of the largest and most dynamic sector.PC industry eventually became a multi-billion clam worth of business that have gone through various growth phase. Today, the worlds PC industry is booming due to emerging demand for IT growth, which is parallel to explosive growth of worlds popula tion. PC became the driving force for the whole computer industry. PC industry dynamics changed by the late-1990s when PCs became the sum to get to the Internet. In the next decade a cellular-based packet communications network and broadband will provided grow the Internet.Over the next 10 years the PC industry will thrive and thrive with two additional driving forces consumer electronics devices built with computing platforms (information appliances) and mobile devices such as labor organizer and mobile phones. The PC industry is genuinely competitive and has a good record of adapting to emerging technologies and market trends. This is likely to happen again and the PC industry will embrace information appliances and mobile devices. 3. 1PC food market Trends Trends in Table 1 showed that, the worldwide shipment for PC never stops growing from 1975 to 2005.In fact the industry volume had seen an increasing trend ever since the year 1990. However, the growth percentage began to slow down starting in late 1990s. This is the evidence that the PC industry is at the end of the growth stage, and soon will enter into the maturity stage. by from the effect due to the product life cycle maturity, other aspect of business such as globalization, economical and financial crisis, and presence of China market posed treat to the global PC industry. Table 1 Worldwide PC Market reaping (Source eTForecasts, 2003) Gender Male 31 (65%) Female 17 (35%) personal credit line Technical 36 (75%) Business 12 (25%) Age Group 21 to 45 years old Income RM 2,000 Nil RM 2,000 5,000 29 (60%) RM 5,000 8,000 16 (33%) RM8,000 3 (7%) PC Accessibility 100% Internet Accessibility 100% From this spate, one important point outing was all working assemblage of people especially those who are from industrial organization, regardless of their income or position they hold, all of them somewhat how able to access to PC either at home or workplace, as well as to I nternet. This mainly because of current environment, which require PC and related electronics gadget to be a want items in day-to-day lifestyle.Furthermore the cost to purchase these devices is very much affordable, and for those who dont own it, they are still able to access the Internet or Web-based services either at office during working hours or at Cybercafe at leisure hours. In this study, absolute majority of the respondents is male and those who are working in expert areas, in fact both the gender and occupation background have some sort of relationship between them. Most of the male respondents are from technical background i. e. , technical or operations based managers, engineers or technicians. In contrast, most of the female respondents is working in the business related environment i. e. , sales or marketing, purchasing and finance executives.This indirectly relates to the way the understudy respond to the survey, basically, technical oriented person viewed this sur vey from product feature, functionality and technical superiority point of view. However, business people is more inclined to pricing, customization and human touch aspect i. e. , customer services. In this study also, majority of the respondents income falls in the range of RM 2,000 to RM 5,000, which indicating most of them are belongs to supervisory, executive and engineer category, with smaller group holding managerial and major(postnominal) executive positions. Table 4, revealed the results based on the first slit of the survey, which gave an overview of PC market trends and conditions among the understudy.The survey results shows that, educate and computer literate consumers are keeping abreast of current PC market trends in terms of product knowledge, service availability and PC manufacturers who is the trend setter. Todays business society is more sensitive to changes surrounding them, they wouldnt like to be left out in IT progress, and therefore they keep upgrading or c hanging the PC and its accessories within couple of years. Survey findings shows that, the understudy changed their PCs typically after 5 years and solitary(prenominal) 37% are changing within 3 to 5 years. This is due to majority of them are using the companys PC or rather its costly for engineers or executives with likely income.Since the accessibility to Internet is possible, literally allwhere, todays consumers are well informed and keep up with the changes in the PC market. There are consumers, who is still prefer to purchase PCs from computer shop, since they feel severe to do on-line transactions, however this trend will change in future as more consumers will be secured from spyware. Furthermore retailers will elapse to loss their market share, mainly because of unavailability of after-sales support, and orders through mail became legacy. As for call-centers, business is expected to boom in future, since they have started to use some groundbreaking IT solutions. Based on the findings of survey, its very obvious that desktop PCs are still the favorite product ype among the respondents, and those who are working in organization mainly use it. On top of that desktop PCs competitive price made it affordable by moderate-income group. As for mobile PCs i. e. , notebook and palmtop is common among managers and senior executives, and this product segment have b sound future, since it is best suited for fast moving business environment. Table 4 Part 1- PC Purchase Experience Survey Criteria Results Frequency of changing PC hardware and accessories. 3 years Nil 3 to 5 years 13 (27%) 5 years 35 (73%) get Channel Computer shop 15 (31%) Retailer Nil Internet 29 (61%) Toll leave office Phone/ Call Centers 4 (8%) Mail installs Nil overlap Type Desk Top 27 (56%) notebook computer 14 (29%) Palmtop 6 (13%) opposites 1 (2%) provoker Acer 5 (10%) HP-Compaq 6 (13%) dell 18 (38%) IBM 11 (23%) Toshiba 1 (2%) Fuji tsu 2 (4%) Clone 5 (10%) Purchasing preference Brand 15% Price 31% Service 29% Quality/ Reliability 14% Appearance 1% Functionality 4% Customization 6% As consumers become more knowledgeable, they tend to be very intelligent in making decision, and selecting the right product, with comminuted services from the competitive PC manufacturers. The PC market is volatile in the sense that superior product or service is expected at very competitive price, and only that manufacturer with efficient operations is able to survive.In todays market, dell emerged as the market leader, and this clearly reflected in the survey result, which revealed that 38% of the respondent had chosen DELL. The next contenders are IBM and HP-Compaq, however the pricing is still not as competitive as DELL. Whereas Toshiba and Fujitsu products such as notebooks are as considered as high-end products, and therefore it is serving only targeted market segments, i. e. , managers and senior exe cutives with higher income. About 5% of the respondent preferred to purchase clone PCs, which is very low priced, and those consumer groups with lower income still can afford. In future, clone PC market will continue to deteriorate, as there will a price war. In this section also, assessment was made to study the respondents urchasing behavior, and what are the factors influencing the preferences that leads to the decision making of the purchasing process. Based on this study, there are two very important criteria that influence the respondents, price and customer service factors. Basically, pricing was the main concern, due to majority of the group is moderate earners, and therefore they are looking for the best buy and next they expect are excellent services for worth of money. These factors is followed by soiling and, product quality and reliability factors, which lately consumers are more sensitive of the brand, which is due to their vast exposure about the market trends, and t he main contributing factor is the Internet and Web-based technology.Modern consumers have high expectations on PC performance in terms of quality and reliability. Other non-critical factors that influence the purchasing decision is high customization, product with more functionality and attractive and appealing appearances. Based on section two of the survey, only those respondents, who use DELL PC were assessed from various perspectives, such as consumers total experience with DELL, what are the customer touch points, DELLs marketing and business strategies and, area that DELL can do better and how DELL can position itself as counteract from its competitors strategic move. Basically, findings from this section of survey were summarized into the fig out analysis as shown in Table 5.A quick glance of SWOT analysis shows that internally DELL has tremendously improved and able to turnaround its weaknesses to further strengthen its position in the market. This was very obvious scenari o couple of years ago, where DELL was competing with IBM, was then the PC market leader. However, DELL has aggressively worked on new strategies based on their identified weaknesses internally and market opportunities externally, and that made them capture the market leadership position. Without any hesitation, DELL continued on its strategic planning, with focus on key IT solutions, such as Web-based customer information portal, enhanced e-survey to capture voice of customers and other e-CRM strategies to monitor very closely on customer service performance metrics. Table 5 SWOT Analysis of DELL Product in PC Market Strength Weakness 1 Build-to-Order approach 1 noneintermediary retailing channel 2 Value added customer service 3 Direct porthole with end customers 4 Customer service specialist 5 Customer oriented business model 6 Good after sales support 7 On-Line purchasing 8 Product differentiation 9 Clear market segmentation 10 Comprehensive product information 11 Web based customer service portal Opportunity Threat 1 Product leasing program 1 Short product life cycle 2 Attractive payment scheme 2 Competitive pricing 3 New potential market Government agencies & higher learning3 No brand loyalty institutions. 4 Clone PCs 4 Completing the PC peripherals and accessories product range. Apart from that, SWOT analysis also revealed the market opportunities, which DELL should be focusing for future growth. The new opportunities are product leasing program and, emerging of new potential market segment, which is local government agencies and higher knowledge centers. Most importantly, these are the untapped markets that DELL should concentrate its future efforts to maximize the return. Regarding the external threat, DELL came up with many effective counter strategies that the threats are no longer pose any risk. 5. 2 PC Market DELL Competition Competition in the PC market remained fierce during the last few years as not ebook adoption continued and consumers reacted to falling prices.Worldwide PC shipments were in line with forecasts, growing 15. 2% year-on-year to 44. 6 million units, according to IDCs Worldwide Quarterly PC Tracker, commercialized demand showed some signs of recovery and consumers remained active during the holiday season. Strong growth in Europe and sustain notebook demand were key sources of growth, although limited supply of flat panel displays constrained shipments for some vendors. On an annual basis, shipment growth moved into double digits for the first time since 2000, boosting shipments to a record 152. 6 million on growth of 11. 4%. DELLs underlying strengths are its abilities to penetrate into new markets with all the advantages under its belt.From the latest statistics, DELLs server market is able to gain market share and grew by 31 percent during the last few quarters. This is contradicting to other PC vendors as they go through declining server sales and market s hare and it shows that, DELL is able to strategize and implement very aggressive business and marketing plans to obtain success. 5. 3DELL e-CRM Strategies Being a giant PC maker and customer-oriented, DELL depends on civilise IT applications in carrying out their business processes ranging from line assembly across administration to customer relationship management. DELL has also invested substantially in building its IT infrastructure in order to create an advance and effective work place.Nonetheless, DELL also prepares its staffs to be IT oriented in performing their jobs, and this enables DELL to stay ahead of their competitors. As observed, DELLs e-CRM strategies are closely in line with the model of CRM architecture frameworks, which was illustrated in Figure 2. The e-CRM strategy of DELL has begun with customer acquisition, value enhancement and customer relationship retention. In other words, DELL has fully utilized the IT edge in carrying out CRM operations and also use as their business analytical tools. DELL has prepared a very comprehensive web site and call centers to interact with its customers. Further enhancement of the web site and call centers, enable DELL to stand out as far as e-CRM is concerned.The Strategies In customer acquisition, DELL emphasize in direct interfacing with customers. In that sense, DELL eliminates the intermediaries in their distribution channel. All information of products can be obtained on-line and is assisted by well-trained e-CRM specialists. There are several creative features on the web that need to be highlighted. Among them are 1. online configuration Suitable for those who intend to purchase a customized system. 2. Automated order process Once order is confirmed, the specification of goods will be informed to assembly floor to start the production and it is achieved via a fully automated process. 3.Payment on-line The payment scheme prepared by DELL is user friendly. 4. Order status maintain While waiting for PC system to be delivered, customer can check the good delivery status on-line. 5. Comprehensive technical support DELL is well known for its technical support on-line and also call-center. DELL committed to reply their customers queries within 4 hours. 6. Information mystifying web site Customers can easily access to detail information via on-line, such as E-value. DELL always emphasizes on the customer-centric approach, enhancing the customer value, thus creating sales opportunities. much importantly, DELL has managed to use strategically the innovative IT solutions in this process as following 1.Value-add to customer Customers are always delighted by the kind of service provided by DELL. 2. Customer database To ensure customer have full accessibility of information they require, and should be maintained up-to-date. 3. Knowledge database Product knowledge and experience is shared between customers and DELL employees for mutual benefits. More importantly DELL adds value to custo mer by creating probability of upgrading and cross selling of its product 1. unremitting update of information Educate customer awareness on DELL product update. 2. Voice of Customer Using e-Survey to capture customer inputs and feedbacks regarding product and service performance. 3.Free software upgrades DELL customers are authorise for selected operating and applications software through its website such as Windows XP and McAfee. 4. Customer Care Providing additional product sentry duty and security features in terms of quick on-line tips to combat spyware and adware. DELL continued to invest in keeping its infrastructure as one of the best IT platform. For instance, DELL staffs are able to access to internet or intranet through wireless broadband connection within the plant. This allows them to respond immediately to any issues pertaining to customer feedback and complaint. 6. 0Conclusions and Recommendations The customer expectations have risen in recent years and the firms have come up with a number of innovative ideas of serving customers.This has provided the customer with the flexibility and convenience. Similarly, various groups of customers would require different level of services and support. For first time buyer, they may require installation and training services while big corporations with internal computer specialist may expect more comprehensive CRM program coupled with other value added services. However, the important motto would be the exercise and implementations to keep the customers satisfied, and that would be the ultimate goal for each and every organization. DELL certainly has given their best to expand their customer horizon, and they are definitely on the right track towards creating profitable customer base.With that, we can expect more and more innovative business ideas from DELL in future, which will continue to delight the ever-demanding customers. We also would like to recommend that, DELL should explore further in areas co ncerning market opportunities, as mentioned in the SWOT analysis table. Carefully analyzing and turning each opportunity into their advantage would prepare DELL to scale at greater heights. DELL also needs to refine continuously its e-CRM strategies to further strengthen their customer centric approach. REFERENCES 1Agrawal, V. & Mittal, M. (2002). Customer Relationship Management The e11 Way. White paper of Delhi Business Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, January June 2002. 2Boon, O. , Corbitt, B. & Parker, C. (2002).Conceptualising the Requirements of CRM from an Oraganizational Perspective a Review of the Literature. AWRE 2002. 3Bull, C. (2003). Strategic issues in customer relationship management (CRM) implementation. Business Process management Journal, Vol. 9 No. 5, 2003, pp 592-602. 4Chen, IJ. & Popovich, K. (2003). Understanding customer relationship management People, Process and technology Business Process Management. Journal, Vol. 9, No 5, 2003, pp672-688. 5Christopher M. , Payne, A . and Ballantyne, D. (1991). Relationship Marketing. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. 6Day, G. (2000). Managing Market Relationships. Journal of the Academy Marketing Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 1. 7Goodhue, D. , Wixon, B. nd Watson, H. (2002). Realising business benefits through CRM hitting the right target in the right way. MIS Quarterly, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp74-94. 8Jenkinson, A. (1996). Valuing Your Customers From quality information to quality relationships through database marketing. McGraw-Hill, London 9Kalakota, R. and Robinson, M. (2000). e-Business Roadmap for Success. Addison-Wesley, United States. 10Kassanoff, B. (2000). Build loyalty into your e-business. Proceedings of DCI Customer Relationship Management Conference. Boston, MA, 27-29 June 11Light, B. (2001). A review of the issues associated with customer relationship management systems.Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Information Systems, pp1232-1241 12Newell, F. (2000). Loyalty. com Customer Relationship Managem ent in the New Era of Internet Marketing. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 13Payne, A. , Christopher M. and Clark, M. (1999). Relationship Marketing for Competitive Advantage. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. 14Payne, A. A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management. A BT CRM White composing 15Peppard, J. (2000). Customer relationship management (CRM) in financial services. European management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp 312-327 16Petrissans, A. (2000). Customer Relationship Management and the Challenge of the Internet. Cap Gemini Ernst and Young-IDC, Toronto. 17Tamminga, P. & Ohalloran, P. (2000). Finding the real value in CRM supplement IT solutions through the customer driven approach. Cutter IT Journal Vol. 13, No. 10, pp4-11 18Turban, E. et al. (2004). Information technology for management transforming organizations in the digital economy. 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, USA 19Winer, R. (2001). A Framework for Customer Relationship Management. California Management R eview, Vol. 34, No. 4. 20Xu, Y. et al. (2002). Adopting customer relationship management technology. Industrial Management & Data Systems 102/8 2002, pp 442-452. Appendix 1 PC Industry Research Questionnaire Respondent Particular Age __ Gender __ Male __ Female Occupation __ Technical __ Business Income Group __ Below RM2,000/= __ RM2,000/= to RM5,000/= (per month) __ RM5,000/= to RM8,000/= __ Above RM8,000/= Accessible to Internet __ Yes __ No Part I PC Purchase Experience 1 rush you ever own a PC (either at home or work place? __Yes __ No 2 How many time have you bought a PC for the last 5 years? Please state __ 3 Through which channel the PC is purchased? __ Computer shop __ Elect.Appliance Retailer __ Internet __ Toll free telephone __ Mail order Others 4 What type of PC do you purchase? __ Desktop __ Notebook __ Palmtop Other _____ 5. What is the PC brand have you purchased? __ Acer __ HP-Compaq __ dell __ Toshiba __ IBM __ Fujitsu __ Clone 6. What is sequence of criteria in purchasing a PC? __ Brand (from top to bottom1 to 7) __ Price __ Service __ Reliability/Quality __ Appearance __ Functionality __ Customization Part II Experience with dell (For those who has bought Dell PC only) 1 What are your experience using Dell products? __ Good __ Fair __ fully grown 2 Have you ever visited Dells web site? __ Yes __ No 3 Have you called to Dells toll free call center? __ Yes __ No 4 Have you read through Dell advertisement on printed secular? __ Yes __ No 5 What channel do you find the most effective to get information from Dell __ Internet __ Toll Free Call __ Printed material 6 Do you find Dell web site user friendly? __ Yes __ No 7 Do you satisfy with Dells rattling Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very satisfied i. service quality ii. product quality iii. technical support iv. rice 2 Does Dell continuously provide information/promotion of its product to you? __ Yes __ No 3 Can Dell employee address you by name when you call them? __ Yes __ No 4 Can Dell identify you purchase immediately when you require after sale technical support? __ Yes __ No 5 Does Dell employee friendly and accommodative? __ Yes __ No 8 Will you return to Dell for subsequent purchase? __ Yes __ No 9 Do you agree Dell has successfully created good relationship with you? __ Yes __ No 10 Do you have any suggestion for Dell to further improve its Customer Service Please state pic Receivable/ due Profitability Analysis Production Planning Inventory Mgmt Shipping Personnel Planning paysheet Back Office Functions mien Office Functions Figure 1 CRM Architecture Framework Globally spread CustomersCustomer Support Cross-Functional Processes Breaking Down Department Walls Complete Integrated Solution Integrated CRM Applications get up Pa rtial Functional Solutions Retain Marketing Mgmt Order Mgmt gross revenue Mgmt Sales Planning Pricing After Sales Service Sales Force Automation Figure 2 Integration of CRM with Business Application Tools Customer Support Traditional Touch Points Retail Store Front Service Departments Cross-sell & Upgrade Proactive Service Direct Marketing Electronic Touch Points Website/ Internet email Call Centre Voice Response System Direct Marketing Customer Life make pass Customer Touch Points Acquire CRM Technology ERP/ Data Warehouse

Helen Dunmore tells the story of the Siege of Leningrad by showing the trials and tribulations of one family Essay

I think that Helen Dunmore has been successful in the telling the story through the Levin family. She distinctly depicts the trials and tribulations, yet Dunmore couldve done justice by letting the au go wrongnce know more about the study events of the progress of the Siege.The Germans surround the city cutting off the diet supply and escape routes. Over hexad thousand people were killed in Leningrad during the winter, mainly from starvation.Throughout the novel, Anna and her family have been very well off. They tout ensemble await to operateher in safety, none of them be in prison or forced to be in the world warfare and have the skills needed for survival. We are t sexagenarian that they had an apartment which was very large and desired by many and that people would kill to live in such a large place. They own a burzhuika, have wood and nutrient and are have money and their possessions.Anna, the central character of the novel is a believ able-bodied mixture of vulnerability and strength already having a very busy lifestyle. Dunmore portrays Annas altruistic maternal qualities towards Kolya and her experience. We learn that instead of chasing her ambitions of art in college that she feels responsibility towards her 5 year experienced brother, her line of products at the nursery and other commitments which found that she is very hard working. She sustains her family financially and physically. Due to fodder pitifulages, Anna returns to the Dacha, to discover food for the future. This shows that she is realistic about the tough future. When Anna is at the dacha, she manages to cull out a good measuring rod of potatoes and put them into her bag. We can tell from her behaviour that she is a hard working character. On her agency adventure from the dacha, Anna is stopped and questioned by the militia. She bribes the militia-man by offering him some of her potatoes and onions.Also Anna goes out daily during the Siege to bequeath for the family. She spends hours, weak from hunger, queuing for bread, negotiating with store owners and digging out scraps of wood to light a fire to net sure her family dont freeze to death which is very common on the streets of Leningrad. She also has to drive for what she has and be resilient and non trust anyone. When she refuses to lend her chisel to a woman, she is nearly attacked as they wrong accuse Anna of stealing their wood.On her way back she is questioned lies about what is in her bag, this puts her at the mercy of the highwayman as he is well fed and Anna dares not to try and attack him. He takes the wood from her lettered that it is precious. She wildly chases any rumours of any sausage deliveries and travels far and wide to provide food for the family. We learn of all the people who wait in these queues, their morale, health and their desperation. Anna goes to the black market to try and buy a burzhuika to concord everybody warm. We learn of how everyone is feeling the cold and are suffering from chest infections and pneumonia. Also how everyone is starting to lose push and stay indoors to conserve heat as each day you get colder and hungrier.Mikhail, Annas father tries to help out and volunteers to fight in the Peoples Volunteers. Through his character we meet the old lady on the bring out who is not able to move and be evacuated like her family and has only the animals and farm jobs to keep her busy. We see how the siege has destroyed her and she is just waiting for the Germans to take over. Also, afterwards Mikhail gets injured, we see Andrei with him and pickings him to the hospital as well as the other wounded volunteers in the truck and some who die on the journey.Mikhail is a testament to the way Stalinism was crushing people. He is unable to accept the ever-changing times, the rejection of what were in his eyes, good stories. He is under the iron fist of the Soviet state and is breaking down. later on he returns from the hospital he has change d so much physically and mentally that even his own children couldnt even recognise him. He has been affected greatly by the horrors of the war he has fought in and by Veras death.Even though there are certain characters such as Andrei and Marina who are not actualAndrei is a very patriotic Siberian and is a very committed doctor who is scarred from the experiences at the Luga Line. He seems generous and kind-hearted towards his patients feels he is unequipped to help some of them on the front line. He is a doctor who works with method and provide only speak about things which he has personally experienced.Andrei and Anna are drawn together through their similar experiences. Both have been on the Luga Line and have shared out similar traumas of seeing death. Both on their return are slightly scarred by this and it has changed their characters slightly. Andrei is able to comfort Anna as he is more used to seeing death as he is a doctor urging her to not think about it. They therefo re share a unique intellectual of each other. They are also brought together by their physical/sexual desire. He informs the family of the current berth at the hospital, that the numbers of casualties are rising and more and more are dying each day.The Germans bombed the warehouses which contained a lot of the food which the Leningraders needed for the winter. Food became scarce and by comparing a bag of dredge to days of life shows how the extent to which the family have bare the pain of shelling and bombing The value of food has gone so high, people wish each other good luck as food has become so scarce people will do anything for it.Kolya is Annas 5 year old baby brother. She takes care of him as she is much older and as it is her responsibility to look after him after her mothers death. Kolya is very lazy and stubborn which irritates Anna, She had made him lazy The cause of his laziness is that Anna will do it all for him. He is so caught up in his own games he has no relate in helping Anna such as the time when she was showing him how to plant crops and has a very short attention span. He is a representation of the life of a child in a war situation.He is innocent in the position that he doesnt know the consequences of war as he plays with his toy soldiers. Anna feels responsible to what happens to him during the siege, he becomes skinny, he is constantly cold and hungry, has no energy and lacks motivation and intensity to do anything anymore. He is quite a dependant and selfish character. He relies on everything from Anna and forces her to buy the burzhuika and for him to get extra bread from everyone elses ration.When Marina asks to live permanently with the family at the start of the siege, Anna inwardly rejects another carry on her as she does not want another person to look after and also the fact that she hardly likes Marina. This shows how she in a sense is a bit like her mother due to her intended hatred to Marina. Marina brings food and m oney which is very useful in the siege and uses Annas need to sustain the family and get close to her. She looks after Kolya and Mikhail while Anna is out getting food for the family.We learn of her get along towards Mikhail, motivation him to get up and walk around and by staying with him just after he has died. Also she shows her love to Kolya by helping make the fort and keeping him busy by playing with him. She helped Anna in preparing the food and making decisions. She in any case has been affected by starvation, we are told that her ring can no longer give way her, that her fingers are so thin and bony. She gives the family some hope and motivation.Also the deaths of the two lovers, Mikhail and Marina once again show the story of the Siege through the family. We see their suffering, to provide for their family and we see that for some close family members of the citizens that death gave way to victory. This shows the losses that all had to face, losing loved ones and not b eing able to bury them as the ground is too hard and no one has the energy to do so.Overall, I believe that showing the trials and tribulations of Anna and her family have tending(p) us a good idea of how the siege was affecting the citizens and that Dunmore has been successful. We see through all the characters the hardships faced, whether it was the infantile children or the old women and that the Siege affected all and that wealth did not matter. The novel ends on an sanguine note, with the remaining members of the family walking outside in the summers which shows new life and some hope.

New High School Principal Essay

I reserve with many of the points Prager makes in naked High School confidential information A Speech every Ameri rear end High School Principal should Give. It is absolutely time for a change to fall back to the values and foundation our nation was built upon. It seems as though they induce been gradually lost over the years. This is especially seen in the groom governing body of America. In my opinion, the most shocking part of the article is when Prager states, Now, please stand and join me in the present of Allegiance to the flag of our country. As many of you do not get the words, your teachers will hand them come out of the closet to you. When United States citizens do not know the words, by heart, to honor their country, we know there is a knockout problem.The main problem began when our country began to incorporate every otherwise culture into our own culture. I agree with Pragers idea that, Your clubs will be based on interests and passions, not blood, ethnic, r acial or other physically defined ties. If the Gay Club wants to meet, thats fine however, the school should not have to be responsible for supporting it. School clubs should be based on education and the expansion of knowledge that leads to forward motion in classes. Nowadays, school clubs have turned into nothing more than a social get-together. I am reorienting the school toward academics and away from politics and propaganda. No more time will devoted to scaring you about take in and caffeineNo more semesters will be devoted to condom wearing and teaching you to adhesion sexual relations as all or primarily a health issue. Who doesnt know that smoking causes cancer and other potentially life threatening diseases? Who doesnt know that abstinence is the only real way to prevent pregnancy? This is knowledge that every high school and middle school student already knows. Time that could be put towards mathematics, science, and arts is wasted on this information because parents h ave failed to teach their children personal responsibility so it is now the obligation of the teachers.Before the ideas in this article can be implemented upon the school system, they must first be carried out upon society. It is essential that our country return back to the ways our forefathers intended it to be. This is one based on the virtues of honesty, integrity, responsibility, and accountability. Until someone can take a stand and actually deliver this speech to every single school across America, I alas do not see any change in the future.

Theory of Language

1. THEORY OF LANGUAGE The theory of language implicit in(p) Duysel encyclopedism was derived from a view of proposed by Turkish Linguistics in the 2000s. Duysel Learning Method involves both the education of language knowledge and the cultivation of language skills, with the emphasis on both the form and the sate of a language. In commandment practice, its all-inclusive nature requires English teachers to select special and effective commandment methods in conformity with its special t removes to avoid turning it into a pure practical course of oral exam English or a pure theoretical unrivalled on grammar.Regardless of all criticism it has received, the grammar-translation method has been an indispens commensurate method in English teach as well as a incumbent step in the cultivation of students communicative ability in a non-English environment. A person can non charter successful confabulation before having a correct mastery of language rules. Although the applicabili ty of the communicative method has been widely accepted, this method is confronted with or so practical problems.I think we should search for a fusion between the conventional didactics method and the modern teaching method with a more rational attitude base on the learners practical ability and request that is, adopting a new-sprung(prenominal) method fusing the devil methods together in one class of comprehensive English. 1. THEORY OF LEARNING phrase is the most strategic aspect in the life of all beings. We physical exertion language to express inner thoughts and emotions, imprint sensory faculty of complex and abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our wants and needs, as well as to establish rules and swan our culture.Language is a subtle and complex instrument used to communicate an incredible number of antithetic things, simply for our purposes here we can reduce the universe of communication to four basic categories information, direc tion, emotion, and ceremony. The starting signal two be often treated together because they express cognitive meaning while the latter two comm further express emotional meaning. Language is not learned primarily by teaching the rules but sooner by first audition to and taste the spoken language and then practicing speaking.Occasionally, however, learning of rules can jockstrap many adults learn and use the language. Just do not make rules the focus of the course. While repeat and memorization can play an important role in language learning, they cannot by themselves insure that students ordain be able to use the language for any real purpose. Repetition and memorization, if used, must be attach to by other activities requiring the application of the learned patterns in novel situations and with variation in vocabulary and even so structure. . DESIGN a. Objectives/Syllabus In Duysel Learning Method, grammar teaching is not intended for studying grammar but dish up student s to grasp language rules and fulfill listening, speaking, reading and paternity practice in a better way. As a result, teachers should create situations for real activities tally to students daily life to guide students to understand, grasp and use grammar undecomposed in such situations.I at a time adopted a four-step method including introduction, caricature, summary and application to promote grammar teaching at comprehensive English class. In the introduction section, the teacher gives oral demonstration on some original or relevant sentences related to a certain grammar rule in order to disclose it. Selected examples should be in conformity with certain communicative situations and then putting it across to students to what situations this grammar rule applies.In the imitation process, students be required to defy oral imitation of some expressions fit for the given over situation after understanding examples, which further establishes a pattern for correct use of g rammar knowledge in a new situation as well as checks whether they hurl understood the given knowledge points or not. In the summary part, students argon guided to sum up grammatical rules and points by analyzing specific situations themselves so that they bequeath enjoy the joy of success. Students are expected to take notes so as to accumulate material for review.In the eventually step, some real situations are set to help students to practice using the learnt grammatical knowledge to fill communication. Once they find that they can apply grammar to real communication and specific t withdraws instead of memorizing grammatical rules, students learning enthusiasm will be stimulated and their ability of independent analysis and solving problems will be cultivated as well. b. Types of Learning and Teaching Activities Duysel Learning Method emphasizes students comprehensive training in listening, speaking, reading, penning and translation.Due to the specialty of listening and spea king training, they are usually dealt with separately while other three skills are mainly trained through the learning of texts. As for listening and speaking, students are expected to follow classes given in English, to understand short conversations, lectures as well as reports with familiar topics, simple structure and a speed of 120 words per minute, to ask and answer and retell based on relevant listening material, to make conferred presentations based on familiar topics after adequate preparation.Obviously, the communicative method helps to achieve the teaching goal in listening and speaking practice. In practice, teachers may ask students to listen to tapes, do exercises and have discussions based on hot issues with teachers checking and instruction they may also analyze some difficult points in listening material and have more extensive learning of new words and expressions. However, those who have been change to the traditional method tend to keep silent and think little o f this method since they cannot learn able knowledge and language points.As a result, teachers should use the grammar-translation method at times with the communicative method as the main line. For instance, some difficult points at the linguistic level can be explained with the traditional method. Students reading, writing and translation skills are mainly trained in learning texts. Teachers are expected to base their teaching on texts to give students certain information and language knowledge first of all by pore on the translation and understanding of texts and then establish new situations beyond the texts for practice of communicative skills.I once adopted a four-step method including preparatory reading, listening and answering, communication on text and conferred communication in the text teaching process, achieving a inhering transition and fusion of grammar-translation training and communicative training. In the first step, students are required to preview a text before hand with their grammar-translation experience in which they can make sure about some new words, the gist of the text and some questions and therefore have the abutting days class with full preparation.In the second step, the teacher first asks students to correct their pronunciation and intonation by imitating the tape and then plays the tape once again for students to answer questions or make judgments so as to check their preparatory reading. In the third step, the teacher may guide students to have communication in the context related to the text and help them to solve some problems in key words, sentences and understanding of content they displayed in the previous two steps.When explaining key words and sentences, the grammar-translation method should be used to modify students understanding of the text and improve their ability to use language correctly and flexibly through right communication on the text. In the last step, students enthusiasm for communication is fully enc ouraged. Here the communication in this step is different from that in the previous steps since teachers need to employ a variety of advanced(a) teaching methods to create language situations and communicative tasks which originating from text while going beyond of it.Students are able to apply what they have learnt to real communication through continuing writing texts, having simulated dialogues, having role-plays, having discussions and so on, hence achieving the purpose of communicating ideas through language. c. Learner Roles Learners have to participate in classroom activities that were based on a cooperative rather than individualistic approach to learning. Students have to become comfortable with listening to their peers in group work or pair work tasks, rather than relying on the teacher for a model.They are expected to take on a greater degree of responsibility for their own learning. d. Teacher Roles Teachers have to assume the role of facilitator and monitor. Rather tha n being a model for correct speech and writing and one with the primary responsibility of making students produce plenty of error-free sentences, the teacher have to develop a different view of learners errors and of her/his own role in facilitating language learning. e. The Role of Instructional Materials Classical texts and carefully compiled texts according to grammar system are used.The materials usually consist of three parts grammar, vocabulary, and text. The main functions of the materials used in Duysel Learning are presenting and reinforcing grammar rules and new words, and offering cultural information. Additionally, exercise handbooks, cue cards, activity cards, pair-communication practice materials. And student fundamental interaction practice booklets are employed in the activities with the aim of improving communicative skills. f. The Role of Native Language The role of language in learning cannot be over-emphasized. Language is the prime resource teachers have and use for mediating learning.When learning languages, then, teachers and students are working with language simultaneously as an object of study and as a medium for learning. In teaching languages, the intention language is not simply a new canon new labels for the same concepts rather, effectively taught, the new language and culture being learned offer the luck for learning new concepts and new ways of understanding the world. The target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also for explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework. However, native language is only used in making translation. . Feelings of Students Learners feelings are real important because students will be more motivated to study a foreign language since they will feel they are learning to do something useful with the language. They are given an opportunity to express their individuality by having them share their ideas and opinions on a regular basis. h. Evaluat ion The teacher evaluates not only the students accuracy, but also their fluency. Use an integrative test which has a real communicative function. To assess students writing skill, a teacher might ask them to write a letter to a friend.Written tests in which students are asked to translate from their native language to the target language or vice versa are also used. Questions about the foreign culture or questions that ask students to apply grammar rules are common. i. Treatments of Errors Errors of form are tolerated during fluencybased activities and they are seen as a natural outcome of the development of communication skills. But in the translation part, having the students get the correct answer is considered very important. If students make errors or dont know an answer, the teacher supplies them with the correct answer.