Vietnam’s Inflation Free Essays

Vietnam’s government is set to raise power costs by 15% on Tuesday, when the populace is battling with a taking off typical cost for basic items. A week ago the Vietnamese government likewise raised the retail costs of oil items by as much as 24%. In February, expansion hit a two-year high of 12. We will compose a custom article test on Vietnam’s Inflation or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now 31%. Experts state in spite of the government’s measures to fix financial strategy, value pressures are probably going to proceed. â€Å"The increments in vitality, power and oil demonstrate that we are going to see expansion deteriorate in spite of the move in government policy,† said Christian de Guzman of Moody’s Investor Group. Overheating For years the Vietnamese government has kept a free financing cost strategy and sponsored loaning so as to help development. The legislature anticipates that the economy should extend as much as 7. 5%, up from 6. 8% in 2010. Yet, the expense of that quick pace is that the economy has begun to give indications of overheating. FICO assessment offices cut the country’s sovereign-FICO score a year ago. Expansion fears have likewise caused an auction in Vietnamese markets. Vietnam’s benchmark stock file has slid 6. 7% in the previous year. The Vietnamese government was centered around development at all costs,† said Mr de Guzman. â€Å"By the center of a year ago they had just arrived at their swelling objective however then they kept on pursueing other macroeconomic arrangement targets like credit development and total national output growth,† he said. Battling expansion But since the start of this current year, the administration appears to have mo ved its approaches towards settling costs. A week ago the Vietnamese government declared a lot of measures to control expansion. Power costs have been brought up with an end goal to decrease spending The national bank as of late raised the expense of getting. It expanded the benchmark renegotiate rate by 2 rate focuses from 9% to 11%. The administration has additionally promised to pay off government obligation. With that impact, it slice the financial plan shortage focus to under 5% of total national output, from 5. 3%. Lessening government spending on endowments for fuel and power are likewise part of that arrangement. â€Å"In request to fight off swelling, they need to decrease appropriations. It eases a portion of the weight on the budget,† said Mr de Guzman. Dong depreciation The other significant strain on the Vietnamese economy is the money. The national bank cheapened the dong against the US dollar by 8. 5%. It is the most recent in a progression of depreciations the administration has actualized to decrease the danger of a deficiency in remote money holds. In any case, that will prompt higher import costs, which thus, could again increment inflationary weights. The most effective method to refer to Vietnam’s Inflation, Papers

Open source systems

Presentation Open source frameworks are based on programming that is unreservedly accessible to people in general and which can be lawfully changed (or redid) by designers to address certain issues. By and large, building up an open source framework can be viewed as a two-advance procedure, the initial step being securing source codes for the product to be utilized and the subsequent advance being modifying the product to suit the specific needs in play.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual investigation test on Open source frameworks explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, the dangers and moral issues related with open-source frameworks are plot and also, a one-page review plan for an open-source framework for Global Airline Co. arranged so as to help the company’s trust in open-source frameworks as a reasonable cost-cutting measure. A1: Enterprise dangers One endeavor chance related with open-source frameworks is negligible data securi ty. Agreeing toNetwork World (2011, 1) the improvement of open-source programming is done so that the product neglect to fulfill set insignificant security guidelines. Another endeavor chance related with open-source frameworks as indicated by Findlaw (2011, 4) is encroachment chance. Because of the idea of the improvement procedure of open-source software,it is workable for engineers to encroach the protected innovation privileges of other restrictive programming (Findlaw, 2011, 4). Another endeavor hazard related with open-source frameworks as per Findlaw (2011, 14) is permit limitation chance. Open-source programming when contrasted with exclusive programming accompanies permit limitations that are bound to affect on a company’s procedure (Findlaw, 2011, 14). Another hazard related with open-source frameworks is absence of help (Burton Group, 2003, 13). Backing for open-source programming is hard to track down inferable from the idea of how they are created. Another endeav or chance related with open-source frameworks is the expense of preparing, backing and administration of the framework. As per Burton Group (2003, 12) the expense related with preparing, backing and administration of open-source frameworks can on occasion outperform that of the business programming item it is replacing.Advertising Looking for contextual investigation on it? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A2: Ethical Issues One moral issue with open source frameworks is secrecy and protection (National Information Assurance Training and Education Center, 2011, 4). It is respected, as a moral, lawful and business necessity to guarantee that the prudence of data in a given association is protected. Another moral issue with open source frameworks is Patent and Copyright Law (National Information Assurance Training and Education Center, 2011, 13). Licenses and Copyright Laws are lawful assurances of the protected innovation of an endeavor, which incorporates its data. Another moral issue with open source frameworks is extortion and abuse (National Information Assurance Training and Education Center, 2011, 10 ). Care must be taken to defend the uprightness of information in the open source framework, in any case, authentic information can be supplanted with false one out of a malignant plan to profit a danger source to the framework. Another moral issue with open source frameworks is defending its unified foundation for example PCs from damage (National Information Assurance Training and Education Center, 2011, 17). The open source framework can't work at all or ideally without its united foundation for example PCs it is hence morally significant that foundation is shielded from deliberate or inadvertent harm. A moral issue with open source frameworks is morals and mindful dynamic (National Information Assurance Training and Education Center, 2011, 2). Morals advance cool headed dynamic which is basic in d ealing with the open source framework. A3: Audit Plan The initial phase in the review plan is choosing a data reviewer and assembling a data review group. The data examiner isn't really a representative of Global Airline Co. in any case, it is attractive that he/she has broad information on open source frameworks and data inspecting. The data review group is to contain senior authorities of Global Airline Co. who have data â€related foundations. When the data inspector has been chosen and the review group set up we continue to the second step of the review plan that is known as advance. In this progression, through the review group, the advantages of evaluating the framework are elevated to the remainder of the organization in order to amplify backing and partnership for the procedure just as limit antagonistic vibe among staff, which can sabotage the accomplishment for the audit.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual investigation test on Open source frameworks explicit ly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More what's more, an identification letter that is marked by the CEO of the organization is to be flowed round the organization that requests full enterprise from each influenced individual from the organization. Once more, in this progression, the data reviewer decides mindfulness level and data esteem in Global Airline Co. does a fundamental evaluation of the organization. The third step in the review plan includes six phases. The review group does the initial four phases and data evaluator does the staying two phases. The six phases are: Identifying and characterizing the crucial the Global Airline Co. Recognizing and characterizing the earth of Global Airline Co. Recognizing and characterizing Global Airline Co. hierarchical structure Identifying and portraying Global Airline Co. hierarchical structure Identifying data streams Identifying Global Airline Co. data assets The fourth step in the review plan is dissect in which an examination and assessment of the data assets of Global Airline Co. is done as a methods towards creating activity designs that improve the company’s tricky circumstances and that accomplish the targets recognized in the past stage. The break down advance comprises of four phases that are: Evaluating Global Airline Co. data assets Developing a data stream graph Preparing a primer report Formulating the activity designs The fifth step in the review plan is account in which a cost valuation of the data assets ofGlobal Airline Co. is finished. The cost valuation is an imperative part in creating and assessing a data methodology that is able for Global Airline Co. The 6th and last advance in the review plan is orchestrate in which documentation of the entire review process is arranged and introduced. The documentation is a report whose substance incorporate the discoveries of the review procedure and the suggestions made about the open source framework. The suggestions made structure the ba se of the data procedure to receive towards the open source framework. The union advance comprises of two phases, these are: Preparing and introducing the data review report Developing the data procedure Part 2: Question one As the data reviewer, in the wake of terminating Peter the following stage will be to attempt a review of the company’s data framework. The point of the review plan is decide the degree of harm done by Peter and define activity intends to manage the circumstance. The last phase of this review plan is archive the discoveries and suggestions of the review plan and present them to the senior administration of the organization. Section 2: Question two My answer to the supervisor regarding how I concocted the deficit would be that I followed a key way to deal with data examining, which is a procedure comprising of five essential advances to be specific, advance, distinguish, break down, account and combine (Buchanan and Gibb, 1998, 41).Advertising Searching for contextual analysis on it? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Section 2: Question three Information the executives is as indicated by AIIM (2011, 3) the procedure where data from one or various sources is gathered and overseen and dispersed to a solitary or different crowds. Data control is a movement that goes connected at the hip with data managementand it is embraced toregulate the data gathered from the source and the one which is circulated to the crowd. Section 3: Question One of the key presumptions made in the model is that in an association the data is in every case consistently and ceaselessly coursing through the six exercises appeared in the graph. Another supposition that will be that the data is both of an electronic and non-electronic nature. Section 3: Question two The model needs data control, which is a movement that is firmly identified with data the executives. References AIIM. (2011). What is data the executives. Web. Buchanan, S. what's more, Gibb, F. (1998). The data review: an incorporated key methodology. Worldwide Jour nal of Information Management, 18(1). Burton Group. (2003). Open source programming: dangers and prizes. Web. Findlaw. (2011). The dangers of open source programming. Web. System World. (2011). Open source programming a security chance, study claims. Web. National Information Assurance Training and Education Center. (2011). Moral issues. Web. This contextual analysis on Open source frameworks was composed and presented by client Dawson Campos to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

A research paper on the burial and ceremonial traditions of egypt

An on the internment and stylized customs of egypt contrasted with the romans and how it affected america today - Research Paper Example Investigation of their convictions and practices show that there existed a correspondence or collaboration between the way of life of these two unique landmasses, however any strong verification is as yet deficient. Later on, as accepted, it is the impact of Christianity and that of Pilgrim Fathers prompted the improvement of huge contrasts in the convictions and practices of American societies. On account of Egypt, there was critical impact from Roman and Greek societies. In this manner, as time went, there emerged impressive contrasts among the way of life. An investigate verifiable proof demonstrates that the practices identified with the dead differ among different civic establishments. Nonetheless, it appears that all the human advancements share certain level of similitude as well. To delineate, the Romans, Egyptians, and the old American civic establishments like Mayan and Inca believed that the dead merit a type of ceremonies and arranging. Furthermore, history demonstrates t hat in social orders the practices and convictions experience changes over the long haul, and as human advancements decrease. This work plans to investigate the internment rehearses that existed among the old Egyptians and Romans, and it examinations in the event that they had any impact on the American societies. ... Therefore, their treatment of the dead differed in like manner. Antiquated Egyptians covered their rich in costly tombs which were loaded up with relics and divider canvases delineating families during their regular day to day existences. Nonetheless, one can consider that to be time advances, the uplifting viewpoint of the Egyptians about the hereafter changes essentially; existence in the wake of death started to be considered as a position of dread; loaded up with detestable spirits. Accordingly, they started to cover their dead with ‘The Book of Dead’ that contained spells that help the dead explore in existence in the wake of death. As per Davies (29), it isn't right to utilize the term ‘resurrection’ when one discussions about the Egyptian conviction in light of the fact that the Egyptians put stock in the four phases of life beginning from birth, life, demise, and resurrection where passing is an open door for satisfaction, not a matter of invalidatio n. Thus, for them, demise customs were intended to guarantee simple rising above of the dead to the great beyond. Truth be told, the convictions of the Egyptians with respect to death and after life depended on the faction of Isis that had its introduction to the world around fourth thousand years BCE. As indicated by the conviction, passing is trailed by a long excursion through various tests and preliminaries. The ones who breeze through the assessments make certain to appreciate endless life. Truth be told, the Egyptians were self assured people about the hereafter. Presently, an investigate the Roman internment customs demonstrates that however they shared certain similitudes in entombment rehearses, their fundamental belief system was altogether not quite the same as that of Egyptians before all else. The primary purpose of contrast is the way that while Egyptians had faith in an impeccable the great beyond, there was no such precept among Romans that instructed there is a the hereafter for which the current body is to be protected. In this way, for them, the dead

Understanding of the Contemporary Media Landscape by the Concepts of Networks Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Castells writes that technology is not the only aspect that defines societies, but other factors like economy, culture, and politics also form the framework of network societies, while religion and social status, help in shaping these societies. A network that collectively forms the societies, is a series of links between basic unitary social elements, known as the nodes. When a single link between two unitary elements is established, the formation of a relationship takes place, and many such relationships form a complex web, known as network societies. Van Dijk in his book had delineated "network society" as entity that is framing its relationships within the media networking to replace the traditional form of face-to-face communication. (van Dijk, 1999, 220-223). Van Dijk's opines that the modern society is in the process of transforming itself into a network society, implying that the Internet is the space where all forms of organizational, interpersonal, and mass communication s converge. This image, as envisioned by van Djik, is something that we are already experiencing in the 21st century, where we find that Internet has already turned into the normal media, used for commutation and gaining information by a large section of the global society, from all domains of life. Contemporary media and network societies: New media is the concept which theorises that the new processes of communication within the virtual world allows small groups to assemble online and sell, share, or exchange goods and information (Castells, and Gustavo, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding of the Contemporary Media Landscape by the Concepts of Networks or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page This includes buying and selling from almost any part of the world and thus dispensing off with the traditional practice where the shopper or seller must necessarily come to a common physical marketplace to trade. Here virtual shopping portals are replacing the real or physical marketplaces.

Immanuel Kant And John Stuart Mill Essay - 2002 Words

Two of the most widely known ethical philosophers are Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. While they may have philosophized around the same time period, the philosophers have very different ideas about ethics and happiness. Immanuel Kant, author of Duty and Reason, believed in the morality of the good will and duty. He espoused that happiness is an irrelevancy insofar as fulfilling duty is the most important aspect of leading a moral life. Conversely, John Stuart Mill, who wrote, The Greatest Happiness Principle, is well known for his utilitarian mindset, the greatest happiness for the greatest amount. While they may have disagreed about what makes an action ethical, Kant and Mill are both extremely significant philosophers whose ideas about morality, duty and happiness are important to critically analyze. Kant and Mill have similar, though often differing, beliefs regarding how the moral value of an action ought to be judged, the relations between the moral and natural good, and what the duty is for both of these. Kant argued that in order for something to be moral, it must be done from duty. He calls this the moral law (law is a product of reason) or the moral good and said there were two forms of this feeling of obligation expressed in the categorical imperative. Essentially, the categorical imperative consists of acting on maxims that can be considered a universal law and always treating people as ends and not means. By acting on maxims that can be considered moralShow MoreRelatedImmanuel Kant And John Stuart Mill1261 Words   |  6 Pagesintentions/character that inspire the action, or the consequences that result from the action?† Second, the philosophers I am going to discuss throughout this paper are Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. Now before I tell you my answer to this question I am going to explain these who these two philosophers are and what their viewpoints on ethics are. Immanuel Kant was born in what is now Germany in 1724 and died in 1804 and was the type of philosopher to act out of duty. He believes that actions should be performedRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Immanuel Kant1387 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent philosophers. Two of these philosophers are John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant. Mill, in Utilitarianism defines happiness as pleasure without pain. He builds upon this idea of happiness when establishing his moral philosophy, stating that the action that would bring about the maximum amount of happiness is the most moral action. On the other hand, Kant establishes happiness as well-being and a satisfaction with one’s condition. Kant, however, argues that happiness is too fully based uponRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Immanuel Kant1786 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant. They both had very different views when it came to the ethics of philosophy. They also though had some of the same views as each other. Both were concerned with the moral qualities of actions and choices of a person, but neither of them was much interested in about what makes a good person. They also different views and some of the same views when it came to lying. One thought it should never be done. The other thought it should be used as a last resort. FirstRead MoreImmanuel Kant And John Stuart Mill1206 Words   |  5 Pagesof morality, there is no right answer to dilemmas only different opinions. Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers with two different views on a person’s moral conscious. Kant believes morality is a duty that people should hold above their own happiness. On the other hand, Mill believes happiness is the goal of morality and the more happiness is acquired at the end is the most moral. According to Immanuel Kant, morality is a duty people must hold above their own happiness. For somethingRead MoreImmanuel Kant And John Stuart Mill948 Words   |  4 Pagesyou do it? Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill would give you strongly contrasting opinions. A person should not kill another to benefit five others. It would be a wrong thing to do, but Mill would disagree. Kant believed that good intentions count and that the morality of an action is determined by the intentions behind it rather than its consequences. Kant says that the consequences are irrelevant to assessments of moral worth, which contrasts sharply with Mill’s utilitarianism. Kant believed thatRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Immanuel Kant Essay1805 Words   |  8 Pagesphilosophers, Kant and Mill, to determine whether or not torture is ever ethical. John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant, both proposed different philosophies, using deontological and teleological theories in ethics. John Stuart Mill used a teleological theory, which prioritized the end result of an action, based off the moral nature of the action itself, compared to the deontological theory proposed by Kant, which presented actions as obligations of an individual, leading them to act in a certain way. Mill usedRead MoreImmanuel Kant And John Stuart Mill998 Words   |  4 PagesTwo knowledgeable men, one says go right, the other, left. Who is right? Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill were both noted philosophers with opposing theories on what is moral. Each uphold different ways of observing what is right. The theory of utilitarianism held by Mill and universalism held by Kant has similarit ies and differences. Who stands correct, and who is mistaken? Utilitarianism is the belief that decisions should be made based on how much pleasure they bring (MacKinnon and FialaRead MoreImmanuel Kant And John Stuart Mill2050 Words   |  9 Pagesstraight forward as proposed by Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill in The Groundswork and Utilitarianism respectively. Kant, in The Groundswork, and Mill, in Utilitarianism, come to different conclusions about what is intrinsically good, yet neither of them come to a valid explanation for the following reasons; Kant produces a narrow view focused entirely on having a good will, acting only based off of duties, and ignoring the outcomes of your actions, while Mill calculates intrinsic value basedRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill vs. Immanuel Kant2163 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Stuart Mill vs. Immanuel Kant The aim of this paper is to clearly depict how John Stuart Mill’s belief to do good for all is more appropriate for our society than Immanuel Kant’s principle that it is better to do whats morally just. I will explain why Mill’s theory served as a better guide to moral behavior and differentiate between the rights and responsibilities of human beings to themselves and society. Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who addressed the issues of moralityRead MoreA Study Of Ethics By Immanuel Kant And John Stuart Mill992 Words   |  4 Pagesaround ethics. The court released Lavallee as innocent on the basis that she is medically ill with Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS). The two most renowned ethicists, Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill would view this case differently. Kantianism is associated solely with Immanuel Kant. In comparison, John Stuart Mill, an opponent of Immanuel Kant’s ideas, uses a utilitarian approach. This essay will briefly give an overview of the case and the BWS. Then, it will show how both theories view the case.

Red Cross Involvement Of The Rwandan Genocide - 1712 Words

Red Cross Involvement in the Rwandan Genocide Marcy McNeal POLS 241 Summer 2014 INCOMPLETE Introduction The birth of Red Cross can be traced back in 1828 when Jean-Henri Dunant was born in Geneva. Dunant’s character and education drove him to aid the distressed and the unfortunate and to be concerned about social work. It was until 1853 when Dunant was appointed as an accountant to a secondary firm in Algeria. This appointment involved a lot of traveling. In 1859, he arrived at Solferino where he saw one of the severest fights of the nineteenth century that only lasted for 15 hours but left approximately 40000 people wounded. During this battle, he was filled with shock and pity to an extent that he decided to help together with the villagers. They gave comfort and medical care to the wounded men. When Dunant went back to Geneva, he was troubled by visions of the terrible battle. He therefore dedicated all his strength to ensure that the terrible sufferings he had witnessed never occurred again. In 1862, he wrote and published a book entitled A Memory of Solferino. In the book, he highlighted the idea of creating in every country a society for the relief of the wounded military and to help the army medical services to carry out their tasks. Ultimately it was this book that ignited the need for creating relief societies. Dunant’s ideas were quickly taken up by Gustave Moynier, a prominent lawyer in Geneva and president of the city s Society of Public Welfare, whoShow MoreRelatedThe Genocide in Rwanda 1001 Words   |  5 Pagessocial conflict and genocide. There are many factors that have contributed to the reconstruction of Rwanda, including international assistance, gacaca courts and International Criminal Tribunal, annual commemoration ceremonies, and wellness and counseling efforts. However, the influence and role of women within Rwanda is considered one of the most significant forces and contributors to the unification and restoration of the country. The role of women was greatly impacted by the genocide and since the conclusionRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Rwandan Genocide History has a funny way of repeating itself. After World War II, the United States and the rest of the international community promised to do all they could to prevent future genocides. However this was a promise they were unable to keep. In 1994 when Rwanda went through genocide the United States and U.N were absent, leaving the Tutsis to be brutally murdered by the Hutus. As a consequence 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed and dumped into mass graves. Once againRead MoreTo What Extent Were Womens Roles Affected by the Rwandan Genocide?1022 Words   |  5 PagesA. Plan of Investigation (147) To what extent were womens roles affected by the Rwandan Genocide? The aim of this investigation is to determine with detailing, how womens roles and education were truly affected by the genocide. This investigation will more in depth. This investigation is worth studying because it helps to enlighten the reader as to what happened, to clear any biases. We can also see the consequences and learn from those mistakes. In order to research the topic more thoroughlyRead More The Rwandan Genocide Essay2147 Words   |  9 Pages For years, Rwanda has been a hotbed of racial tension. The majority of the Rwandan population is made up of Hutus, with Tutsis making up the rest of it. Ever since European colonial powers entered the country and favoured the Tutsi ethnic group over the Hutu by putting Tutsi people in all important positions in society, there has been a decisive political divide between the two groups. This favouring of the Tutsi over the Hutu, and the Hutu subjugation as an ethnic lower class resulted in theRead MoreOutline of the Rwandan Geno cide2079 Words   |  9 PagesOutline of the Rwandan Genocide: Draft Introduction Rwanda is a small land-locked nation, about 26,338 square kilometres in size, bordered by Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Tanzania. Though mainly flat, the country has a large mountain range on its northwest coast – the Virunga Mountains – that are home to the famous Rwandan Mountain Gorillas. In 1994, this seemingly insignificant country put itself on the world map, but for all the wrong reasons. Over a period of just one hundredRead MoreEssay on The Rwandan Genocide: Factors that Contribute to Genocide2657 Words   |  11 PagesThere were many signs leading towards genocide, yet the nations in power chose to ignore them. From April 6, 1994 until mid-July, a time spanning approximately of 100 days, 800,000 people were murdered when the Hutu attacked the Tutsi. No foreign aid came to the rescue until it was too late. Ten years after the genocide the United Nations was still involved in Rwanda, cleaning up the mess that was left behind because of man’s sinful nature. Could the Rwandan Genocide have been prevented, or is it simplyRead MoreUnder What Conditions (If Ever) Should States Become Involved in Domestic Political Situations of Other Countries3163 Words   |  13 Pagesthe studies that have been conducted have not covered the intervening spectrum in totality. They deal with humanitarian intervention more than the possible motivations that lead to such interventi ons. Conflicts breed wars such as those in Rwanda genocide, in Somalia, Kosovo, Pakistan, and Angola among others. While these wars impose huge costs on the societies involved, costs that last long after the killing has stopped: (Ghobarah et al., 2003, p25, Kydd). Such effects include terrorism, underminingRead MoreUnited Nations Role in Conflict Management in Africa: a Case Study of Darfur11729 Words   |  47 Pagescrisis is the longest in Africa, and most neglected by the world until recently when the conflict reached its climax with the emergence of Darfur insurgency in February 2003 2. The conflict forcefully placed the Sudanese crisis on the world map when genocide tendencies were perceived. It took United Nations about 19 months to intervene in the devastating human tragedy that befell Somalia. Furthermore, the Liberian and the Rwanda’s post-cold war conflicts lingered for sometime before the UN respondedRead MoreWorld Peace8312 Words   |  34 Pagesconflict over access t o state coffers. Through processes of  bounded rationality, people are conditioned towards strong in-group identities and are easily swayed to fear outsiders, psychological predispositions that make possible sectarian violence, genocide, and terrorism.[21] Market-oriented socio-economies are integrated not with personal ties but the impersonal force of the market where most individuals are economically dependent on trusting strangers in contracts enforced by the state. This createsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesimpact of major migration flows from virtually all of the other continents; contacts and exchanges across the borderlands; patterns of expansionism and interaction with indigenous peoples that parallel those of other settler colonies; the direct cross-influences among the U.S. and various European nations in terms of political institutions, social movements, and economic systems; and the repercussions of transcontinental and overseas American interventions from the late 1800s. The last two essays

Ledbury Restaurants Case Study on Business Decision Making

Questions: Scenario A restaurant chain plans to open its second restaurant in London. To ensure this is a viable move, the shareholders are keen to understand the market. Therefore you are asked to carry out a planned data collection and data analysis to help the board of directors in understanding the customer pricing preferences.(e.g. income price, age price) Task 1 Report on Data Collection and Analysis, In this report; Create a plan for primary and secondary data collection with presenting the survey methodology sampling frame used Design a questionnaire to collect data and provide a justification for its design Collect data and summarise the collected data using representative values Analyse the collected data using measures of dispersion. You must be able to use the analysis of the pricing preferences to inform and support decision making. Carry out suitable calculations to draw useful and realistic conclusions and provide valid recommendations. Your calculations must include quartile, percentiles and the correlation coefficient. Explain how these calculations helped you to draw useful conclusions. Task 2 Prepare a Business Presentation and a formal Business Report to disseminate information effectively which include; The findings which should be used to draw valid conclusions .You must use spreadsheet software for all calculations and incorporate graphs and charts(line,pie,bar chart,histogram,scatter ) to clearly and effectively present the findings. Trend lines in graphs to assist in forecasting for specified business information. For example, this may include peoples eating behaviours overtime and preferences against seasonal changes. A business presentation to disseminate information effectively Prepare a formal Business Report to be presented to the board of directors Use appropriate information processing tools to analyse the information Plan for the project, identifying relevant CRITICAL PATH, PERT, GANNT Chart, to implement a business process and the recommendations you are suggesting from your findings. For example, a business process to serve customers (It is essential to us e appropriate project managementsoftware) Different financial tools such as discounted cash flow, net present value and IRR functions to evaluate the financial viability of the proposed recommendations Answers: Introduction In the contemporary business scenario decision making is very much depend o upon the primary and the secondary form of research. As the ledbury is one of the leading restaurants who are willing on the expansion of its restaurants chain for that the study is been conducted. The study will focus on the plan for the collecting data for the opening of new chain of restaurants for the ledbury (Cleland and King, 2008). Apart from that, the study will also focuses on the various form of data collection in order specify the feasibility of the project. With the help of various graph and charts, the decision making of the opening of restaurants chain in London will be very much possible across the UK. Task 1 Plan for collecting primary and secondary data Primary data collection: For primary data collection several customers from the various restaurants and the visitors at Trafalgar square are being consider, the primary for of data will be collect via on field survey questionnaire within the London. Primary data collection is very much needed for the first hand collection of data in order to understand the need of the consumers (DeCarlo, 2010). Secondary data: Secondary forms of data are collected via internet research, blogs, social media, company annual report and the other various sources. Apart from that, secondary sources of data is very much helpful in c gathering the informations about the research which is to collect the formation about the existing restaurants and their market share within the business (Gido and Clements, 2012). Secondary data also companies of various forms of journals, newspaper and magazines. Survey Methodology Sampling the sampling here would be used as customers and the manager of the famous restaurants in London. With the help of 55 customer based the 5 manager would satisfied the primary research. The survey methodology would be sued here is quantitative and qualitative form of survey (Ferraro, 2007). For qualitative, secondary form, data would be used from the existing companies and for the quantitative data is collected on filed questionnaire. Design a questionnaire to collect the data a. How often do you visit the restaurant? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Last 1 week 12 55 22% Last 1 month 16 55 29% Last 1 year 8 55 15% More than 2 years 10 55 18% More than 5 years 9 55 16% Graph 1: visiting the restaurants From the above, it has been found that, with more than 23% participants visits every week restaurants for the eatings. However, around 29% of respondents go restaurants with every month. The above scenario explains that every month every people visit the restaurant for eating. London is known for the variety of delicacies and the people are known or the quality eating and living (Barker and Chitty, 2009). With the rise in the restaurants business very shows that consumer are willing to taste the different for the delicacies and visit informal way or for occasions, which in both condition satisfies the thought of eating out. b. What are the factors that influences you towards the restaurants? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Service Quality 18 55 33% Brand Value 10 55 18% Ambience 13 55 24% Price 9 55 16% Others 5 55 9% Graph 2: factors that influence the consumer towards the restaurants Around 18% of respondents are very much quality preference rather than price. Secondly feels connection with ambience must be neat and clean rather than food quality with 24%. From the above , it has been found that most of the customer are being considered quality of food as their first preference among the other because the people living in London are very much known for their expensive life style and their love of quality delicacies are been known worldwide (Barlow, 2009). As the restaurants manager, it is an opportunity to offer a quality cuisine rather at value pricings. For pricing, company will be using penetration pricings. c. What type of dining do you prefer? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Chinese 14 55 26% French 9 55 16% Italian 11 55 20% Traditional (British) 17 55 31% American 4 55 7% Graph 3: Type of dining do you prefer Around 26% of the people of London are found of Chinese rather than other delicacies. Apart from that, the second best food, which has liked my most of people, was French in London. This shows that, rising in Chinese delicacies is been one of the major trend which has been followed by the world (Bates, 2009). The Chinese food was voted most preferable food globally by the Forbes magazines. d. What time you prefer to visit a restaurants? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Break fast 11 55 20% Lunch 19 55 34% Dinner 25 55 46% Graph 4: Time for visiting the restaurants From the above, around 34% of the respondents are being loved to dined out rather than having lunch or dinner. Secondly, company uses lunch as their escape route to visits the restaurants. As dining habit is very much has been known for several years. Dine out is one of the major speciality which has been followed by the generation in English (Carpenter and Fairhurst, 2009). As compare to other meals, most of the English love to have dined out because of the hectic schedules and the busy life of the Cockneys. e. How do you prefer your cuisine most? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Simple 14 55 25% Crafted 16 55 29% flavoured 8 55 15% Seasoned 10 55 18% Boiled 7 55 13% Graph 5: preference of your cuisine From the above, around 29% of respondents feels should, be crafter meal incorporate to other major food presenting process. Apart from that, other major restaurants goers wants their food in the simple way rather than flavoured. Summarise the data using the values For quantitative form of questionnaire, young adults with the age of 15-45 and income earning of chosen respondents from the 5000 per month has been chosen for the project at the places like Trafalgar square and various other restaurants like Bread kitchen, Heston Blumenthal and Barbeoa (Entrepreneur, 2015). Apart from that, there are two major available has been considered while collecting the data 1st Age and 2nd is Income before asserting the data. The collected data will be taken via non-probability sampling. The online sampling will be non-probability sampling. Customer participation will be based on likert scale. Analyse the results Measure of dispersions Age Population Under 18 9 18-25 21 25-35 45 35-45 19 Over 45 6 Graph 6: Total chosen population sample Mean Income = 15, 20, 21, 20, 36, 15, 25, 15 Sum of these 8 values is 167, so the mean is 167/8= 20.875 The above results shows that, the chosen age group has is 15k to 36 k. The chosen age group is being looking for the quality and cheap dinning in term of pricings. The price of the products must be lower in order to gain the differences. Measure of dispersion Standard deviations Differences SD SD2 15-20.875 -5.875 34.51 20-20.875 -0.875 0.76 21-20.875 -0.125 0.01 20-20.875 -0.875 0.76 36-20.875 15.125 228.75 15-20.875 -5.875 34.51 25-20.875 4.125 17.01 15-20.875 -5.875 34.51 By taking, the SD squares value. Sum is 35.87. The results are 350.875/7=501.25. This value is known as the variance. In order to take the Standard deviations, square root of the variance is considered. This would be (52.1235)2= 7.07. This shows that, measure of dispersion is 7.07 for the age group while selecting respondents. Analyses of percentile, quartile and the correlations coefficient Income Y Price ,X Price*Income SD 15000 128 1920000 1920000 20000 135 2700000 2700000 21000 148 3108000 3108000 25000 168 4200000 4200000 36000 179 6444000 6444000 40000 205 8200000 8200000 42000 332 13944000 13944000 44000 523 23012000 23012000 48000 928 44544000 44544000 50000 1028 51400000 51400000 mean 15947200 18116979.57 quartile 1st Quratile 22000 Median percentile 38000 43000 3rd Quarter percentile 43500 maxvalue percentile 50000 From the above, it has been found that, quartile value of the company is very much suggested that, quartile value is right side. The demand divides the data into two equal data set on income and the price offered by the various restaurants to the participants. The lower quartile is the value of the middle of the first set, where the 255 of values are very much smaller than the Q1, which is 75% larger. The quartile range of the company is shows that, restaurants and income group people are being taking high quality food with the increasing range of the price (Statista, 2015). Apart from that, it also has been found that, increasing income tend s the buyer to go for the higher price food. The taste and preference of the food is changing as per the income and age. One of the major recommendations is been identified during the research is that most of the customers are looking for quality as per their income. So the company should look to keep right quality and valued pricing instead of the using price skimmings. Besides that, extensive advertisement and the proposed quality food with right kind of quality and with right kind of approach lead the company to success in longer run (Ferraro, 2007). However, company should also look to use cost leadership strategy to gain the high market share. Task 2 Secondary research Restaurants in UK Global sales UK sales Arbys Kitchen 89.13 million 35429 Bonanza Steak house 16.301 million 13667 Yo Suhshi 9.3 million 6557 Loch Fyne 3.882 million 3522 Strdada 3.16 million 2251 Wagamama 3 million 2000 Zizzi 2.8 million 1925 Graph 7: Market share of UK Restaurants (Source: Adcock, 2010, pp-132) From the above , graph it has been found that , UK is biggest chain of the restaurants in world starting from the local cuisine to international cuisine. There has been ample evidence which shows that, market share of existing restaurant in UK (Gido and Clements, 2012). One of Arbys kitchen has highest market share of the its goodwill and the quality of food which it serves. As the compare to that, most of restaurants are been very much using the rotten or un-fresh vegetable and fruits which is why quality is lacking. For Global sales Graph 8: Global sales of UK restaurants chain (Source: (Carpenter and Fairhurst, 2010, pp-257) The global sales of Arby are highest because of the name and high brand in London. However, at recently junk food companies like McDonalds and Subway has been very popular and highest market share in worldwide including the UK. Growth of the restaurants chain Types of Restaurants Percent growth in UK (2013) Multi cuisine 38.9% Limited cuisine 20.1% Fixed cuisine 17.33% Seasonal cuisine 19.25% Quick cuisine 21.09% Graph 9: Growth of the restaurants chain (Source: Coviello and Winklhofer, 2008, pp-85) As per the above graph , it has been found that , cockney are very fond of multi cuisnie restaurants who serves world delicacies . Majority of the people are looking to switch to the multi cuisine restaurants with 38% in compare to the fixed or rather tropical based restaurants (Danaher and Johnston, 2009). The survey was conducted by the heath London chamber of commerce in order to help the new age entrepreneur. Forecasting the eating habits of the UK customer base Eating habit of consumers in UK 2005 2009 2013 Growth Salad 28.09% 39.08 48.09% Fresh Sandwiches 28.18% 34% 37.02% Boiled dinner 14% 19.08% 24% Fired Snacks 40.18% 29.09% 19.09% Sweets 44.09% 35% 38.11% Oily food 38.02% 18% 11.09% Graph 10: Forecasting the eating habits of the UK consumers (Source: Heylen et al. 2007, pp-54) In London, most of locales are being very much heath sensitive rather than price sensitive. Most of the people are found of the eating salad which has been increasing from the year 2009 (Bates, 2009). However, decrease in oily food and junk food id decreased from 40% in 2005 to 195 in 2013. This shows that demand of the food oily food is decreasing. Refer to PPT Prepare business Plan In order to open a restaurants business venture various forms of data feasibility study should be considered which also include the market feasibility and financial feasibility. With the help of primary research it has been found that, most of the customer in London is very much acquitted with the quality rather than price. Apart from that, another major factors would be pricing and ambience of the restaurants which is very much considered before moving to the restaurants (Entrepreneur, 2015). On the other hand, secondary research helps the organisations to cater large customer base. From the above research , it has been found that, most of restaurant are using fresh and quality form of food which is served within the London and global with rise in Abey restaurants because of its quality and the rest known for using low pricing strategies to gain the market base. However, rise in salads in UK market and the rise in boiled food rather than junk food is one of the major reason of concern for the ledbury restaurants (Hellman, 2005). Using appropriate tool for the restaurants business Activity Description Activity duration (days) Depends on A Preparing the business plan 10 - B Primary and secondary research plan 25 A C Hiring personnel 3 B D Work orders 60 C E Supply of equipments Assemble measure ingredients 20 C F Sources of funds 10 C G Renting a building 15 C H Installations of equipments 5 E,FG I Furntur fittings 10 DH J Monitoring 2 I Project plan Activity Depends on Normal time Crash time Normal cost Crash cost A - 10 8 4900 6000 B A 25 24 3000 6000 C B 3 2 2000 3300 D C 60 58 1600 3000 E C 20 19 5000 6000 F C 10 9 1800 4000 G C 15 13 6000 8000 H E,FG 5 4 8000 9000 I DH 10 9 3000 4000 J I 2 1 1000 2000 Figure 1: CPM of new restaurants business (Source: created by author) Table 1: Gantt chart (Source: Created by author) Financial tools NPV for new Restaurants business project Year Cash flow Present value 0 -500000 -500,000 1 200,000 181,818.18 2 300,000 247,933.88 3 200,000 150,262.96 NPV=80,015,02 Payback period of the restaurants chain business Payback period for 3 years Year Cash flow 0 -500000 1 200,000 2 300,000 3 200,000 Payback period =3+ (50, 0000/200,000) =5.5 years NPV is one of the major financial tool which shows that highest is the NPV higher chance of the choosing the project. In this case NPV is 80, 015,02. NPV considers time value of money which is most effective. Another major method is payback period which shows that lower would be year rate larger will be chance of according the project (DeCarlo, 2010). Since the investor will be restaurants within the 5 years, the project of restaurant business must be chosen. Conclusion From the above , study in has been found that , in order to open restaurants chain then the company need prepare primary research and secondary form research for decision making the market conditions. The primary research has helped the companies to gather the primary form of data which shows people of London are eager to prefer quality than price. Apart from that ambience and payment options are other major attractions for the customers. From the secondary research it has been found that, rising competition between the existing firms within the London and UK will be one of the major problems. People of London are very much narrowed towards the salads rather than fried food habits. Reference list Books Cleland, D. I. and King, W. R. (2008) Project management handbook, 4th ed. New York: Van No strand Reinhold. DeCarlo, D. (2010) EXtreme Project Management: Using Leadership, Principles, 4th ed. London: Kogan Page Limited Ferraro, J. (2007) The Strategic Project Leader: Mastering Service-Based Project Leadership, New York: Taylor Francis Gido, J. and Clements, J. P. (2012) Successful Project Management, 5th ed. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Adcock, D. (2010) Marketing: Principles and practice. 4th ed. London, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publication. Barker, N., and Chitty, W., (2009). Integrated Marketing Communications Asia Pacific Edition. 6th ed. New York, London: Routledge. Barlow, J. (2009) Excel models for business and operations management. 6th ed. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Journals Bates, T. (2009) Analysis of Survival Rates among Franchise and Independent Small Business Startups, Journal of Small Business Management 33(2): 2636. Carpenter, J. M. and Fairhurst, A. (2009) Consumer shopping value, satisfaction and loyalty for retail apparel brands. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 9 (3), 256-269. Connell, S. (2008) Travel broadens the mind The case for international research. International Journal of Market Research, 44 (1), 97106. Corstjens, M. and Lal, R. (2008) Building store loyalty through store brands. Journal of Marketing Research, 37 281-291. Coviello, N. E. and Winklhofer, H. (2008) Contemporary Marketing Practices Research Program: A Review of the First Decade, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 23 (2), 84-94 Danaher, P. J. and Johnston, W. J. (2009) How Firms Relate to Their Markets: An Empirical Examination of Contemporary Marketing Practices, Journal of Marketing, 66 (3), 33-46. Hellman, K. (2005) "Strategy-driven B2B promotions", Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 20(1), pp.4 - 11 Heylen, J. P., Dawson, B. and Sampson, P. (2007) An Implicit Model of Consumer Behaviour. Journal of the Marketing Research Society, 37(1), 51-67. Websites Entrepreneur, (2015). Entrepreneur - Start, run and grow your business.. [online] Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/ [Accessed 21 Jan. 2015]. Statista, (2015). Healthy eating habits when dining out U.S. 2014 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/327004/healthy-eating-habits-of-consumers-in-restaurants-us/ [Accessed 21 Jan. 2015].

Resource Distribution Corporate Social Responsibility Policy

Executive Summary To worthy causes, it is important that as a member of the society, the business entities should give their support which mainly includes donating money and devoted time. The corporate social responsibility emerged in the United State and Europe as corporation became more powerful and then the communities started reacting to their excess power.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Resource Distribution: Corporate Social Responsibility Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even thought the corporate social responsibility has been in existence since the 1990s, its application has increased in the 2000s with many nations developing legal basis for it. Many of these laws assert that the reason for using the CSR policy has two major reasons; to optimize the work of private sector in the societal welfare and to decrease the possible social gap between the local community and the â€Å"company commun ity†. The state has urged companies to become a source of welfare not simply for their employees but also for the whole community in general. For this company, the corporate social responsibility is normally stretched beyond money donations and volunteering of time for what it’s worth. This policy has become a way in through which the company basically operates. The company seeks to be the best member of the society by operating responsibly to the employees, the community in general. The operations of the Company are environment friendly and supportive of the sustainable environment. This is the reason the firm invests in the welfare of the organisation through grants, fundraising, community service, scholarships and awards. The firm has made CSR an integral part of this business plan, action plans and goals. Introduction There are essentially three levels of social responsibility that this company pursues. The first level is just institutional and this is done in accor dance to the company’s general responsibility as a business entity to the society. This includes paying tax and observing the minimum wage requirement. The second is organisational level where this company takes responsibility for its activities and operations and the impact to the society like wastes and energy emissions. The third level and the one that is addressed in this report is the ‘individual’ responsibility and this is finds its basis in the fact that there is administrative discretion and managers act as social actors and they make the decisions on how the business would give back to the society. Case Study I: Australian Red Cross History The vision of the organisation is to improve the lives of the most susceptible individuals in Australia and across the world by mobilisation of the humanitarian support.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Th e Australian Red Cross was established as a branch of the British Red Cross in 1914. The organisation was formed as an initiative of Lady Helen Munro-Ferguson. She was the wife of the governor general and she convened a meeting exactly nine days after the First World War had begun and this was on 13th august 1914 (Suter, 2010, p. 1). She was previously been a member of the British red cross in Fyfe, Scotland and by virtue of this, she definitely aware of the crucial role the organisation had played in Britain in the previous years (Oppenheimer, 2008, p. 45). At the same time she invited the wives of all the governors to create a local committee in every capital which readily accepted and this way, the Australian Red cross was born (Suter, 2010, p. 1). The First World War The major task that the initial Australian Red Cross was charged with was to offer first aid care to the wounded troops. The services offered included distribution simple necessities like soaps for bathing and washi ng, special food stuffs for the victims, other toiletries and other help needed by the sick as well. In very few weeks after the formations this organisation, it got help very fast and it was already set to distribute items like clothing. The victims were therefore provided with shirts, socks and cardigans since many had lost their properties. Because they also sustained injuries, the Red Cross enabled provision of medication and medical equipment. In few months the Australian red cross expanded its services and begun shipping items like hospital facilities, food stuffs and mosquito nets. It started providing voluntary Aid Detachments where the volunteer took care of the sick and injured people in hospital on transportation on trains and the convalescent homes (Suter, 2010, p. 1). In 1915, this branch of Red Cross started the transportation service which later became one of the main activities of the organisation. These services enabled driving of soldiers who were injured and broug ht to the hospital ships back to their homes and to convalescent facilities. In a very short time, up to 1916, the services had enough vehicles serving battle fields of France, east Africa and Italy. This experience of the First World War made the organisation realise that transport was the main activity (Suter, 2010, p. 2). This included ambulance rounds and trips to collect materials and return patients home.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Resource Distribution: Corporate Social Responsibility Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 1945, the Red Cross had a very efficient transport department performing at its peak as a result of its efficiency and the number of victims of the war, this department experienced the highest need ever. The volunteering drivers drove 1000s of injured servicemen and prisoners of war to hospitals, homes, and convalescence facilities. The roads were seen having many buses an d vans in airports, railways and other terminuses picking soldiers (Suter, 2010, p. 2). The Red Cross supplied these personal except professionals like nurses and doctors. The Red Cross undertook to care for enormous activities during the Second World War period, consequently, its volunteers actively worked alongside medical practitioners to execute this assistance. In the post war time, the Australian Red Cross became actively involved in offering emergency services and developmental relief help to many nations in the region (Suter, 2010, p. 3). Many parts of the world were in great disparity and the Red Cross took the initiative of fulfilling the humanitarian responsibility whenever it could. However the main focus was to provide help to regions overseas. These areas included the Asia pacific region and Africa. One main department of the Australian Red Cross was the blood service which was established in 1929 to provide blood testing and transfusion services. Today it is the best blood service on the planet. Currently, the national office if the organisation is located in Melbourne and its chief executive officer has society-wide responsibility. Each major city has state and territory officers responsible for recruiting and provision of services. These services include blood services, first aid, health and safety issues, tracing and refugee services and disaster and community service (Suter, 2010, p. 3). The organisation is also an active member of the international Red Cross operating in 186 nations. The achievement of this organisation were to provide services to the world war victims and in the recent times, it has been very active in responding to the disaster like tsunami, accidents, the Indonesian earthquake and other program in the community supporting vulnerable people and giving them a chance to improve their lives (Suter, 2010, p. 4). The Red Cross also has programs across the world dealing in the issues related to HIV/AIDS pandemic, provision of c lean water and sanitation. The mission of the organisation has been to be the leader in provisions of humanitarian services in Australia, improving lives of susceptible persons via service delivery and to promote the humanitarian regulations and values. The size of the organisation is very large as it operates worldwide. It has over 1 million volunteers and 6,000 members serving in many countries across the world.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The structure of the organisation is simple and decentralized leadership style. There are overseas programs representing the organisation in international affairs and nine department of operation. Internationally, is managed at three levels; the council which comprises of 53 voting members with major positions of president and vice president (Australian Red Cross, 2009, para. 1). There are also positions chairpersons of every divisional advisory board in the management team. Other important posts are the audit and risk management committee. To ensure equal representation, there is the position of a youth member. There is the chairperson of the blood service as this is a major department of Red Cross. Finally there are six special councillors, state and territory representatives (Australian Red Cross, 2009, para. 1). The committee receives organisational reports and financial statements. They also have the powers to vote for or appoint board members. They have the responsibility of s electing auditors and to amending the royal charter and rules. At the second level, the board comprises of 16 members headed by the president. The members include a youth member, blood services chairperson, divisional advisory board chairpersons and the risk management committee. The third level is the Chief Executive Officer who is delegated to the daily affairs by the board (Australian Red Cross, 2009, para. 1). This is the manger of the services of the organization through departmental managers like chief financial officer director fundraising and marketing, chief operations officer. All the council members volunteers their skills, sacrifice their time and energy for humanitarian benefit. The organisation recruits international workers are paid when on abroad mission. This is achieved through technical phone interviews where the applicant discusses their qualification, skills and experience. The Red Cross also conducts behaviour assessments and then successful candidates are hire d and further trained on the relevant skills and policies of the organisation at the international Mobilisation for Action (IMPACT) (Australian Red Cross, 2009, para. 1). Our company can support the Red Cross by allocating the $ 200,000 to the humanitarian kitty especially to support medical, health and safety services. This is because in the recent past, the cases of disasters have increased and medical response is needed where the Red Cross team is required to respond promptly (Australian Red Cross, 2009, para. 1). Case Study II History In 1947, Dr. Bob Pierce reported that he had come across a situation that totally changed his life when he was on mission to China. Pierce had encountered a battered and abandoned child called White Jade this child was temporarily in the customer of her teacher, World Vision International, (2009, para. 2). He gave five dollars, the only money he had at that moment to the teacher and promised he would send the same amount every month until when the child would fully recover. This encounter inspired him to establish an organisation that would take care of the needs of children ad they seemed to be uncared for by other humanitarian organisations across the world Vision International, (2009, para. 2). This way, the Vision was born. In 1953, the child sponsorship program was initiated. The objective of this program was to respond to the needs (shelter, food, clothing, education, emotional support and love) of thousands of children who became victims of the Korean War. Currently, the organisation is operational in 90 developing nations across the world (Johnson Stoskopf, 2010, p. 369). By the year 1957, the organisation had found enough grounds to get it rolling and therefore it opened its first office in a small space in downtown Toronto. Currently the organisation has big national headquarters in Mississauga and has become one of the major and busiest office in the partnership (Gibbs Grey, 2006, p. 141). Size, work and achievem ent The organisation relies on support from individuals, government agencies, and corporate partners who are companies like ours (Rondinelli, 2006, p. 45). The world vision address the plight of the poor children, those marginalized for other reasons and seeks to develop developmental programs that are sustainable in community work (Johnson Stoskopf, 2010, p. 369). The organisation has over 607,319 donors across the globe supporting it and some companies give out money to the organisation s part of their corporate social responsibility work. World vision also has partnerships with over 390 projects worldwide and this is what has given the organisation enough resources to be able to offer help to millions of children and impoverished around the world each every year. Currently, over 454,309 children benefit from projects run by the organisation across the world. The organisation has focused on fostering change in developing nations and responding to emergency conditions in these reg ions. The organization strives to change unjust policies, and structure via foreign policy and establishing projects that empower the poor people (Garth, 2007, p. 5). Its partnerships with the governmental agencies and other humanitarian projects across the world have made world vision become a leader in overseas development and as a result the organisation is able to address the vulnerable children (Tim Claire, 2003, p. 294). The organisation provides help for child poverty eradication, offer health and nutritional help, assistance during armed conflict and HIV/AIDS intervention (Garth, 2007, p. 5). Organisational culture is that the organisation is a Christian based relief and development body and a major humanitarian worker. it engages in activities like, provision of children sponsorship programs (Gibbs Grey, 2006, p. 141), promoting Christian values, enhancing community awareness to justice, campaign for sensitivity to the needs of others, provision of emergency relief and wo rking in collaboration with churches and governments to promote the general welfare of children especially the orphans (Tim Claire, 2003, p. 294). The World Vision International now headquartered in Monrovia California and it has a staff of 40,000 employee across the globe and 48 national officers across the world and operating in 100 countries. Most of the funding is from the private individual, foundations and corporations (Rondinelli, 2006, p. 65). The government also gives its support. Organizational Structure The world vision is a legal entity and it has a simple international organizational structure to enable it run its operations properly. The national offices include the members and partners of world vision. On the international arena, the organisation is managed by the World vision council (Johnson Stoskopf, 2010, p. 369). The council has the responsibility of designing the structure of membership, finding and entering into partnership. The council also has representativ es in every national office in the countries that it operates in. The council meets after every three years to develop policies and recommend them to the board, design strategies and evaluate whether the strategic goals were met (Tim Claire, 2003, p. 294). The board has 25 members and they are only from 19 countries where the organisation has operations. The board meets twice a year. The board has power to elect and fire officers and employees. It’s also the responsibility of the board to appoint members to national committees and make resource disburdenment. To exercise responsible management and accountability the board hires independent auditors and amend and repeal bylaws. The Australian national management is a very good representation of corporate governance. It is managed by a board of 14 non-executive directors who regularly reviews the organizational mission, values, resources ethical standards and the financial position so as to ensure accurate auditing and legal, statutory and moral law compliance. The board has a number of subcommittee that helps to evaluate the business environment, threats and opportunities so as to protect the assets and oversee corporate governance processes. Marketing and promotion The strategy used is mainly promoting the organization on the television. Watching TVC has been very effective in pulling heart strings. The managers say how else they can get the attention of people when they are not aware that there is a pathetic nation suffering. The out of sight out of mind blocks people who can assist from thinking about charity. The organization bombards the audience with the images depicting disparity in the developing nations to help them gain sympathy. Even though marketer complain that this negative images build disparity, world vision states that there is no actual ‘want’ that it wishes to fill and therefore the TVC creates a discontent. Comparison and Contrast of Both Organisations Comparison The hum anitarian work in Australia is very effective and the NGOs are very actively involved and this has greatly increased the impact to these organisation to the community and reach of the aid. Major players include Australian Red Cross and the World Vision among others (Johnson Stoskopf, 2010, p. 369). These two organisations have been very active for a very long time in the country especially delivering aid to overseas projects. Both organisation are recognised by the Australian government as the most valuable NGOs in the country they have a very good partnership with the government and this has helped them to be efficient in their delivery of assist around the country. These two organisations alone account for up to 7 percent of the aid programs in the country (Johnson Stoskopf, 2010, p. 369). These organisations are able to bring particular strength to the society and the Australian projects. The organisations mobilise public support and voluntary contribution to the support (Oppen heimer, 2008, p. 45). These organisations have very strong connections and wider network with the community and this is what makes them efficient in penetrating and taking help to the needy people in the developing countries. They are able to offer aid and other type of services to even areas that the government-to-government connection or aid cannot be attained because of various reasons. These organizations have a lot of experience and expertise in address the needs of people in disparity times especially during emergencies where there needs to be fast and flexible responses. Both world vision and Red Cross contribute to the kit that the Australian government needs to progress its projects abroad or overseas. They do this in collaboration with the aid agency of the government of Australia and education.au (Oppenheimer, 2008, p. 48) The world vision and the Red Cross have been very active in provision of quick response and generous support to the communities in need following human itarian crises at national and international levels (Johnson Stoskopf, 2010, p. 369). The organisations have been effective in supporting international responses to places like pacific islands, Indonesia, Africa, Asia and Iraq. Contrast Australian Red Cross focused on emergency response to the victims of accidents, natural disasters and war (Oppenheimer, 2008, p. 45). The organisation has hence been seen to be active in activities like distribution of health facilities and water. For instance when the Cyclone Yasi hit Australian in the northern Queensland, about 150,000 fled their homes to seek safety elsewhere. The Red Cross responded to provide first and safety services, food stuff and water among other things. Since then the organisation has sought to up its effort to provide for the needs of those in desperate situation and has included major activities like evacuation and recovery as main projects it ventures in. The word vision does not actively engage on provision of first a ids services and evacuation activities. By virtue of this, the Australian Red Cross has been actively providing emergency preparedness services to help people in preparation for emergencies focusing on the most vulnerable communities like the elderly and people with disabilities (Oppenheimer, 2008, p. 48). They also seek to strengthen people’s resilience when faced with emotional and financial problems. Red Cross responds to emergencies and offer personal support to the victims to survive after the disaster or problem they experienced. This helps in coping between with the long term impact of the disasters. World vision supports children to cope when they are orphaned contrary to the emergency respond to unexpected disasters. The world vision operates mainly with projects to target its clients. The relief projects could be short terms while project like rehabilitating people can last longer even up to 15 years. The main goal for the program is to empower the community and hel p the people to become self-reliant via a number of activities that could include health benefits, leadership development and trainings in small businesses. Besides relief and long-term projects, world vision is also involvement in emergency responsible. Initially the organisation only focused on helping children and meeting their long-term needs like education but it has since revised its policies and now offers emergency services. When tsunami hit Japan, the organisation was among the first ones to respond to the disaster and provided relief services. It was also very actively involved in the Haitian earthquake as well as that of Chile. It distributed emergency materials to Miyagi and also provides clean water, blankets, food and temporary shelters. The main goal of world vision has still remained to focus on children especially those orphaned by HIV/AIDS and offer them basic needs, education and social support. This has enabled the organisation to be very strong in empowering the society. Conclusion Generally, the change in economical output and productivity of businesses can be influenced by corporate citizenship. The government polices and the public policies have an impact on the way CSR is implemented and the distribution of resources. The implementation can be decreased when the government gain more trust from the public or when the economy greatly improves and when the public demands the government should take more responsibility on the social welfare on the community. As already implied companies are not island and need to develop good relationship with the community as corporate citizens as well. It has a second benefit of improving the company’s reputation besides the feeling of satisfaction for doing the right thing. Recommendations We recommend that the $200,000 be allocated to health activities. This is a good place to exercise corporate responsibility (Aaronson Reeves, 2002, p. 67). Humanitarian activities are not about competition but collective responsibilities and consequently, organisation that are pursuing these goals need to work together in partnership. It is recommended that the organisations that support provision of water and sanitation as well as hygiene projects. Access to clean water is very critical for the community’s basic health and it can actually reduce the mortality rates of children in Australia. Considering that accidents happen unexpectedly and cause serious damage and mayhem, there needs to be better and enhanced international and regional coordination of the Australian humanitarian projects. The health systems are usually the most affected in such events. The Australian policy provides that health should be given the highest priority especially infectious diseases among children. World vision seeks to prevent this as the Red Cross supplied medical equipment and material to be used. Reference List Aaronson, S Reeves, J., 2002, Corporate Responsibility in the Global Village: The Role of Public Policy. National Policy Association, Washington, DC. Australian Red Cross, 2009, Organization Structure. Web. Garth, L., 2007, How is the Neighbours’ Health? May 2007, World Vision, Australia. Web. Gibbs, E.A Grey, P. G. 2006, Five Foundations Of Human Development: Is Our Material Driven Life A Threat, Authorhouse, Bloomington P. 141. Johnson, J.A., Stoskopf, C.H., 2010, Comparative Health Systems: Global Perspectives, Jones Bartlett Learning: Sudbury, MA. Oppenheimer, M., 2008. Volunteering: Why We Can’t Survive Without It, UNSW Press: Sydney. Rondinelli, D. 2006. ‘Globalization Of Sustainable Development? Principles And Practices In Transnational Corporations,’ Paper Presented At MESD 2006 International Research Colloquium In The Georgia Tech, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Suter, K. 2010. Australian Red Cross Society, Global Direction. Tim, K Claire, M., 2003. ‘Empowering the People? World Vision and ‘Transformatory Developmentâ€℠¢ In Northern Tanzania,’ Review Of African Political Economy, 39 (96): 293-304. World Vision International, 2009. History. Web. This assessment on Resource Distribution: Corporate Social Responsibility Policy was written and submitted by user Alannah Little to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Job Spotlight Physical Therapist Assistant (VIDEO)

Job Spotlight Physical Therapist Assistant (VIDEO) Specialized health careers are a fast growing field in this country- the medical school rat race isn’t for everyone, so plenty of individuals with a passion for health care and an interest in medicine are pursuing assistants degrees to pharmacy technicians, doctors, dentists, and more. This week’s Job Spotlight is on Physical Therapist Assistants. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, PTAs will experience at 41% growth through 2020, largely due to an aging Baby Boomer population and extended lifespans. See if this vital role is the right one for you!What do Physical Therapist Assistants Do?First and foremost, PTAs assist physical therapists. This may mean carrying out patient care, supervising patient therapies, providing feedback, performing routine tasks, documenting treatment, consulting with therapy staff, administering specific exercises or therapy tasks, or completing patient evaluations.PTAs may use therapy equipment (from prosthetics to specialty care acc essories) as on-the-job tools, and need to be well-versed in technology from accounting to patient management software. A background in therapy or counseling and exceptional customer service and communication skills are also huge advantages.So, are you patient, good with people, and compassionate by nature? PTA may be the right field to maximize your talents and work with people who need your help to improve their lives.How to Become OneCoursework for the profession usually includes physiology, medical terminology, procedures for rehabilitation, algebra, English and psychology, hands-on clinical work in physical therapy treatment centers, and first aid training and certification in CPR.  Most professional physical therapists require their assistants to have vocational school training, related on-the-job experience, or an Associate’s Degree. Your school should provide opportunities like internships or entry-level jobs that acclimate you to a clinic or hospital environment.Yo u also need to maintain physical fitness levels that allow you sufficient mobility to support patients, which may involve bending, crouching, and lifting. .You’ll also need to pass a board certification exam. The requirements vary, but generally you must graduate from an accredited program and pass the National Physical Therapy Examination at the physical therapy assistant level. The test has 200 questions covering such topics as clinical applications, devices, equipment, and safety. Some states also require their own examinations, and many require continuing education units for license renewal. Check with your state licensing board for up-to-date information.Physical therapy assistants differ from physical therapy aids in that aides are most often trained on the job and straight out of high school- PTAs are less limited in the services they can provide and do not need as much supervision by a physician or physical therapist.SalaryThe wages for a PTA can range from $32K to $8 0K annually- the median is around $61K. The best opportunities will be found in skilled nursing centers, acute care hospitals, and facilities that treat or house the elderly.Hiring LandscapeThe climate for aspiring PTAs is pretty good- there are an average of 9 candidates for every available position (that doesn’t sound great,   but if you were applying for a job with an English PhD there would be hundreds!)Top employers include:Genesis HealthCareKindred HealthCareGenesis RehabilitationRehabCareGolden LivingTop cities for PTA jobs are generally found in the Midwest and East Coast:Syracuse, NYToledo, OHSpringfield, ILLancaster, PAPROs of being a PTAFlexible hoursYou get to wear scrubs!Hands-on patient careConstant learning†¦ and CONsPhysically demanding jobDependent on outside circumstances for stability, benefits, professional developmentA Typical Job PostingPhysical Therapy Assistant,  REHAB ASSOCIATES, MIStart Date: ImmediateFacility Type: SNFFacility Specialty: Or thopedic Pulmonary RehabSchedule: Full Time Monday – FridayHours: 8:00 – 2:00Lunch: 30mFounded in 1995, Rehab Associates provides healthcare staffing and management solutions for skilled nursing facilities, outpatient rehab centers, home care clients and public schools. We specialize in staffing for Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Special Education.We retain outstanding clinical service professionals by enabling those seeking long term personal and professional growth. Through team-building rather than just making one time placements, we pay careful attention to the experience and background of our clinicians, carefully matching them with the right facility’s rehab team. We have over 300 clinicians on active assignment and are continually expanding throughout the Northeast.Essential FunctionsTreat patients and provide a plan of carePrepare documentation, progress notes and reports and discharge summariesProfessional Qualifi cationsSNF and Acute Care experienceExperience with Rehab OptimaPersonal QualificationsCompassionateResourcefulProfessionalRequired ExperiencePhysical Therapy Assistant : 1 yearRequired License or CertificationValid Michigan PTA License CredentialsRequired EducationAssociate Degree

Women In US History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Women In US History - Essay Example difference. But they have seldom talked about race (ibid 251). While white feminists have engaged in universalizing women’s culture and oppression from white (basically middle class) women’s experience and thereby failed to separate their whiteness from their womanness, Afro-American history also failed to examine the differential class and gender positions men and women occupy in black communities thereby constructing the image of a monolithic black community. This history reverberates with a male voice and is based on the experience of men (ibid 255-56). The social context for the construction of race as a tool for black oppression is historically rooted in the institution of slavery (ibid 256). The slaves were defined by law as â€Å"animate chattel†; they constituted property as well as a social class and were exploited under a system that sanctioned and institutionalized white ownership of black bodies and black labor. Women were denied right to their own bodies and sexuality. Women’s bodies and sexuality was under white ownership and this was institutionalized. It formed and essential part of the system of subordination and exploitation. The children the female slaves gave birth to immediately became the property of the slave masters (ibid 257). It reminds me of Alice Walker’s â€Å"Meridian†, where Meridian’s mother explained to her that Emancipation to female slaves meant that they could retain their own children. In the eyes of the slaveholders, slave women were not mothers at all. They were merely instruments guaranteeing the growth of the slave labor force. They were classified as â€Å"breeders†, animals as opposed to mothers. Hence, their infant children could be sold away like â€Å"calves from cows†. Courts ruled that female slaves had no legal claims on their children (Davis 7). Hard labor in the fields from sunrise to sunset was the norm. Where work was concerned, strength and productivity under the threat of the whip

Reflective Journal M02 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective Journal M02 - Essay Example Entrepreneurs and investors embark on business ventures because they wish to make money, and a business that does not make money on a regular basis deserves to be terminated. All the tools and techniques for decision making that are taught in the MBA or any other business management course will always have the profit maximizing criterion as a major consideration. At least, that is the common perception, and one that I had entertained prior to my studies about business ethics and corporate social responsibility. In my readings, I was struck by the observation of Pride, Hughes and Kapoor (2009), that the profit maximization goal is impossible to define, and therefore impossible to achieve, because there is never a satisfactory answer to the question, ‘How much profit is enough?’ Exactly, businessmen are depicted as greedy and heartless, loving money for money’s sake, and much like Charles Dickens’ Ebenezer Scrooge, the profit a business accumulates never appears to be enough. Such a goal is thus never attainable, and therefore the profit maximizing aim is a senseless one for business, as there is no maximum. After all, a goal that could not be defined could not be attained, and success becomes elusive and illusory. What I have learned about ethical decision making is that it is the core of ethical business, the thing that makes business a noble undertaking that seeks to provide for the needs of people. It has the humane goal of satisfying people, of bringing goods and services to match human wants and needs. Business creates value, and offers this value up for human consumption, and the resulting profit is but a just reward commensurate to the value that was created. Ethical decision making is what guides a businessman to do the right thing at the right time, and because of this his business becomes a tool to making peoples’ lives better. I believe that this is the social responsibility of

Human Nature vs Personal Gain Essay Example for Free

Human Nature vs Personal Gain Essay Growing, learning and becoming the best we can be are all positive steps that evolve from life experience. It is human nature that wants to succeed and contribute to society in productive ways. In the play The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, individuals display an ugly side of human nature and are motivated by less than noble goals. Throughout the story, justice is often replaced by the desire for personal gain. Perhaps the three best reasons are greed, selfishness and betrayal. Greed is a motivating factor among many individuals in the play. At many times, John Proctor talks with Hale about Parris’s need to become rich, by gathering valuable golden candlesticks. He says, â€Å"He preach nothin’ but golden candlesticks, until he had them†¦ I think, sometimes, the man dreams cathedrals, not clapboard meetin’ houses† (Miller 65). Proctor says this to Parries to illustrate Parris’s materialistic nature and thirst for power, land and material possessions. Like Reverend Parris, Thomas Putnam is also greedy. Thomas uses his daughter to falsely accuse George Jacob of witchcraft. The accusation leads to the arrest and conviction of George Jacob by Judge Danforth. Giles Corey’s explains to Danforth that Mr. Putnam is dishonest and says â€Å"If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property- that’s law! This man is killing his neighbors for their land† (Miller 96). Thomas Putnam uses these falsifying witchcraft trails to increase his own wealth by accusing people of dealing in witchcraft, getting them convicted and then taking advantage of the situation by buying up their property. Characters like Parris and Putnam are so obsessed with greed that they do not have a conscience. Just as the evils of greed occupy Parris and Putnam, Abigail Williams is motivated by selfishness. She is vengeful, manipulative and a magnificent liar; for example, she goes into the forest at night and practises witchcraft with the other girls form the village. However, when Abigail is confronted about her disgusting behaviour, she chooses to keep  her well respected reputation intact. Abigail denies that she was in the forest dancing that night, threatens the girls and says, â€Å"Now look you. All of you. We danced†¦ Let either of you breathe a word†¦ I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you† (Miller 20). She does this to also avoid being arrested. Not only does Abigail lie about witchcraft, she also stuffs the needle in the doll that Mary Warren made for Elizabeth. Cheever explains, â€Å"The girl, the Williams girl, Abigail Williams, sir. She sat to dinner in Reverend Parris’s house tonight†¦ she falls to the floor he goes to save her, and, stuck two inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out. And demandin’ of her how she come to be stabbed† (Miller 74). Abigail uses this situation to accuse Elizabeth of practising witchcraft to harm her Abigail. She does this to sabotage Elizabeth and, eventually, take her place as John Proctor’s wife. Abigail’s callousness with Elizabeth shows that her selfishness has no bounds or morals. If greed and selfish are not bad enough human characteristics, betrayal is perhaps the most cunning and provides the most false sense of security. Mary Warren accuses John Proctor of consorting with the devil and pressuring her to join him in his evil ways, which is not true. As Mary yells in anger, she says pointing at Proctor, â€Å"You’re the Devil’s man!† (Miller 118). She continues on to say â€Å"I’ll not hang with you! I love God, I love God† (118). Mary Warren’s loyalty to John Proctor is betrayed under pressure to save her own life rather than be hanged. Abigail betrays Tituba so that she does not get question by Reverend Hale. What Abigail says to Hale and Parris when she falsely accuses Tituba is â€Å"She sends her spirit on me in church; she makes me laugh at prayer!† (Miller 44). Abigail does not want to confess her practise of witchcraft in the forest with her girls at night. While in the play there is no shortage of characters willing to do the wrong thing in life, choosing to do the right thing is always the preferred path in life. Having to replace any form of righteousness (justice) with greed, selfishness or betrayal does not justify our actions or means for the end result. Each one of the characters in the crucible mention in the above paragraph have all demonstrated that some form of human nature for self rewardance was place before justice/righteousness. There are always consequences when the truth is not told. Whenever we use these actions in our character they always lead us away in the opposite  direction from our true and honest goals. Righteousness in the heart produces beauty in the character. Works Cited Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York: Penguin Books, 1976. Print

Reoccurring Themes and Symbols in Different Works by Nathaniel Hawthorne :: The Minister’s Black Veil

It is no secret that Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† is a parable. Hawthorne intended it as such and even gave the story the subtitle â€Å"a parable.† â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† however, was not Hawthorne’s only parable. Hawthorne often used symbols and figurative language to give added meaning to the literal interpretations of his work. His Puritan ancestry also influenced much of Hawthorne’s work. Instead of agreeing with Puritanism however, Hawthorne would criticize it through the symbols and themes in his stories and parables. Several of these symbols and themes reoccur in Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, and The Scarlet Letter. One particularly noticeable theme in Hawthorne’s work is that of secret sin (Newman 338). In the â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, this theme is evident when young Mr. Brown dreams that he is led by the devil to a witching party. There he sees all of the honorable and pious members of society, including his minister and the woman who taught him his catechisms, communing with the prince of darkness. Upon awakening, the hypocritical nature of his once admired neighbors and the realization of his own secret sin causes him to become terribly disillusioned (Colacurcio 396). The same thing happens in â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† except the reader does not know exactly what secret sin makes Reverend Hooper begin to don the black veil. Many scholars believe that this has something to do with the funeral of the young lady at the beginning of the story. The opinions range from believing that Reverend Hooper loved the girl in secret, to Poe’s believe that Reverend Hooper may have actually been the cause of the girl’s death (Newman 204). Whatever the reason, the minister’s wearing of the veil taints his view of everyone else around him, making all of them look like they are wearing veils as well (Hawthorne 107). Dimmesdale’s secret sin with Hester Prynne is admitted at the end of the story, but the theme of secret sin is not as used as strongly in this novel as it was in Hawthorne’s stories (Dryden 147). However, two of the main themes in The Scarlet Letter are visible in both of the other stories. The first is the corruption of the clergy. In The Scarlet Letter, Reverend Dimmesdale is a good pastor.

Attitudes Towards Technology in the Han and Roman Empires

Attitudes Towards Technology in the Han and Roman Empires DBQ 2 Technology is always changing. New ideas are being introduced, and innovations to current technologies are always taking place. Some may see changes in technology as a vital and helpful thing, while others may oppose. Upperclassmen’s attitudes toward technology, especially advancements within technology, in the Han Empire, were very approving and encouraging. In the Roman Empire, the majority of upperclassmen’s attitudes toward technology were very supportive, as long as the technology or advancement was invented by someone of a highly philosophical mind.Roman upperclassmen in general had positive attitudes towards technology, as well as innovations in technology. Some higher classmen, however, looked highly upon themselves, and felt like anything not originating from their minds or hands was below them. Some philosophers had the attitude that anything they did not invent was only mediocre and sufficient, i nstead of excellent and great. (Doc. 7) Along with that, some upper class political leaders believed that it was vulgar and degrading of any man to be employed in any field of labor. Doc. 5) I placed these documents in a group together because of the fact that both of the authors of the documents had extremely opinionated outlooks on technology formed by lower classmen. Both authors stated in their documents that anything created by a lower classman was only mediocre in comparison to improvements in technology created by a higher classman like a philosopher. Therefore, their attitudes toward technology was positive†¦ as long as it was created by a man higher up in society.In Document 7, an upper-class Roman philosopher and adviser to Emperor Nero named Seneca expresses that any tools created by men who are not philosophers are mediocre and insignificant. His point of view is that he feels that the minds that did create the current technological advances in tools were nimble and sharp, but not great nor elevated. His attitude towards these breakthroughs in technology are this way because of his role in society. He is a philosopher, so it his is of his role to think with an abstract mind, imagining things from an â€Å"outside of the box† type of erspective. Because philosophers are trained to think this way, they would be able to create tools and new innovations in technology that could completely change how technology was viewed, leading their empires to greater and greater heights. But because of the lack of training and experience in abstract thought, he felt that normal men would tend to come up with good tools that were well built and could assist them in their day-to-day lives, but nothing groundbreaking that could have everyone captivated and amazed like â€Å"great and elevated minds† like his could invent.While some Roman upper class members liked only the technology invented and improved by elevated minds, that wasn’t the cas e for all of Rome. A Roman political leader named Gaius Gracchus set up a new system of road building, paying equal attention to the functionality and the appearance of the roads. He helped travelers keep track of distance by measuring out every mile and placing a column there. As well as the columns, Gracchus placed large stones on either sides of the road at lesser intervals, so it would be easier for those who road horses to mount them. (Doc. 6) Another brilliant advancement in technology was the aqueducts.Six of the aqueducts flowed into covered containers. Then, the volume was measured by means of calibrated scales. The use of the water was not only used for what was needed, but the water was also utilized for pleasure purposes. (Doc. 8) I grouped these two documents together since they both displayed advancements in technology without being discriminatory against those who were in lower classes. Because they both show the advancements in technology, it is evident that the atti tude toward technology was extremely positive. (Doc. 7) members of the Han Empire accepted and embraced new technologies.In fact, many government officials often implemented new ideas in their societies. For example, Tu Shih, who was the governor of Nanyang, invented a water-powered blowing-engine for the casting of iron agricultural implements that allowed people to enjoy great benefit for little labor. Not only has his invention been widely used, but it has also been adopted and innovated by those who use it. (Doc. 4) Fuxi, though only a mythological emperor, was said to have invented the pestle and the mortar. Throughout the years, his invention was cleverly improved in such a way that the ending benefit was increased a hundredfold. (Doc. ) There were times, as well, when government officials wrote to local officials describing exactly what needed to be done to assist in current problems. Though the government officials came up with such an in-depth plan and strategy, the local o fficials ultimately made the final call, tailoring the governmental plan to fit the individuality of each town. (Doc. 1) I grouped these documents together because they all involve a leader inventing something, with lower classmen innovating the invention. This proves that the Han Empire had a positive attitude about technology, and were still completely open to the aspects of change and advancements.In Document 3, an upper-class Han philosopher named Huan Tan expresses, with great enthusiasm, his point of view of the evolution of the pestle and the mortar throughout the years. In the document, it goes in depth describing all of the innovations and advancements the pestle and the mortar have gone through. This exemplifies the fact that Huan Tan’s attitude towards innovations in technology was devoutly positive. In Document 3, Huan Tan conveys the story of how Fuxi, who, though mythological, was an emperor, created something, which was improved by regular commoners.This shows that unlike the Roman philosopher in Document 7, Huan Tan shows no discrimination against the lower classes. He does not feel that in order for truly excellent work, you must have a philosopher title. He understands that ordinary people can be the most brilliant at times, and finds the entire concept of advancement in technology astounding. An additional document I feel would be beneficial in helping to convey my thesis would be a journal entry from the point of view of a Han Peasant, depicting their attitude towards the new advancements in technology.This is needed because every document we were given was written from the perspective of an upperclassmen. In order to more accurately answer the question, I feel like we should have an understanding of every socioeconomic class. I also think that in order to more efficiently analyze Document 2, we need a comparison with the journal entry from a Han Peasant. Because Document 2 talks about how individual family’s tools were better than the government-made ones were, I think that a journal entry explaining their thoughts on family-made tools versus the government-made tools would help give a better understanding of the document.